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Introduction to Style Analysis, and Argumentation Chs 3 and 4, RRW

Introduction to Style Analysis, and Argumentation Chs 3 and 4, RRW. Application of Ch. 2, Style Analysis Ch. 4, Writing Effective Arguments And Ch. 3, The Basics of Argument, RRW. Style Analysis – Avoiding Wo r diness. Avoiding…. Jargon Cliché Wordiness

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Introduction to Style Analysis, and Argumentation Chs 3 and 4, RRW

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  1. Introduction to Style Analysis, and Argumentation Chs 3 and 4, RRW Application of Ch. 2, Style Analysis Ch. 4, Writing Effective Arguments And Ch. 3, The Basics of Argument, RRW

  2. Style Analysis – Avoiding Wordiness • Avoiding…. • Jargon • Cliché • Wordiness • Group Work (2-3 people), 4 exercises from previous class…

  3. Chapter 4, Writing Effective Arguments • A few preliminary thoughts… • Why begin here with Chapter 4? • Main ideas… • Know your audience… (a “formal” essay) • Maintain a respectful, conciliatory tone • Assume a skeptical audience

  4. Chapter 4, Writing Effective Arguments • Have a refutation element in your essay—don’t make assumptions about your reader…. • The importance of anticipating—and refuting—arguments, before the opponent can even state them… (Aristotle) • Seen in political debates…

  5. Chapter 3, The Basics of Argument • Again, Aristotle: Logos (literally, the “word”), Pathos, Ethos • Karios = the occasion / situation (What should we do in response? What type of argument?) • Again, Kenneth Burke and “identification” (consubstantiality)… • Politician: “I was once a farm boy myself…” • Sports cars, clothes  identity, image… • “Good causes” may be ploys in marketing...  ethosandidentification… (then add “positioning”…)

  6. Chapter 3, The Basics of Argument • Discuss key terms… • Claims = debatable assertions (usually inferences or judgments) [The Beatles are the greatest music group ever… Cloning is wrong…] • Inferences = conclusions (opinions) based upon facts • Judgments = opinions based on values, beliefs, or philosophical concepts • **Avoid “I believe,” “I think,” and “I feel” in your essay (why?) • Fact vs. False Fact; Inference vs. Judgment (RRW, pp. 76-77)

  7. Chapter 3, The Basics of Argument • Using Toulmin’s language of argument… • (Some arguments will NOT have qualifiers or rebuttals…) • Claim • Evidence • Assumptions (warrants) – principles/assumptions that allow us to assert that our “grounds” do indeed support our claim (example: “It is appropriate to judge and rank tennis players based on these kinds of statistics…”) • Grounds (Reasons, Data, Evidence) – Why do you think that? • ***Qualifier – If / When… then… to avoid sweeping generalizations • Warrant (note phrase, “rests on an assumption that…”) • Backing (e.g., authoritative sources) • ***Rebuttal

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