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Community Airborne Platform Remote-sensing Suite (CAPRIS). 5 th International Conference on Mesoscale Meteorology and Typhoon. Jim Moore, Wen Chow Lee, Eric Low, Vivek Shane Mayor, Scott Spuler. Boulder, CO 2 November 2006. Community Airborne Platform Remote-sensing Suite (CAPRIS).
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Community Airborne Platform Remote-sensing Suite (CAPRIS) 5th International Conference on Mesoscale Meteorology and Typhoon Jim Moore, Wen Chow Lee, Eric Low, Vivek Shane Mayor, Scott Spuler Boulder, CO 2 November 2006
Community Airborne Platform Remote-sensing Suite (CAPRIS) Improve scientific understanding of the biosphere… • Observational needs of broad scientific communities in climate, atmospheric chemistry, physical meteorology, mesoscale meteorology, biogeochemistry, larger scale dynamics, oceanography and land surface processes Long Term View of EOL Facilities • A replacement for ELDORA airborne Doppler radar • Upgrade C-130 to state-of-the-art airborne platform and infrastructure • Fill NCAR G-V remote sensing instrumentation gaps on cloud microphysics, water vapor, ozone and clear air winds • Commitment to phased-array technology, and eye-safe lidars • Optional comprehensive ground-based instrument suite
Motivation for CAPRIS Data assimilation, validation and developing and testing parameterization schemes • Community models - WRF, WACCSM and MOZART Validation of measurements from spaceborne platforms • CloudSat, GPM Improve our ability to understand and predict atmospheric and surface processes • Project climate change • High impact weather • Foresee components of atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemistry that affect society • Land surface processes
Potential Scientific Advancements: Weather • Describe precipitation process from water vapor transport to quantitative precipitation estimate • Understand factors that control hurricane intensity change • Characterize convective initiation and transformation of fair weather cumuli into deep convection Potential Scientific Advancements: Chemistry • Transport of ozone and water between troposphere and stratosphere e.g., Doppler LIDAR, forward pointing WV observation • Impact of convection on chemical composition of UTLS region e.g. DC3
Potential Scientific Advancements: Climate • Observe radiation effect due to deep convective clouds and cirrus ice clouds • Validate satellite-based products (CloudSat, GPM) Potential Scientific Advancements: PBL studies • Resolve spatial variation of turbulent fluctuations of water vapor and ozone • Measure entrainment rate of air from free atmosphere into the PBL Potential Scientific Advancements: Biogeosciences • Resolve PBL constituent fluxes (e.g. CO2, O3, water vapor) • Examine scales of land surface processes (e.g. in hydrology) and biomass
CAPRIS Radar Design Considerations • Develop an airborne and ground-based suite of remote sensors. Integrate phased-array technology and eye-safe lidar technology • Reduce X-band radar beam attenuation common to all existing airborne Doppler radars. Add microphysical characterization of the hydrometeors. • Aim for compact design to install on multiple aircraft, including other C-130s and G-V (global sampling). HALO? • Integrate multi-sensor approach on a single research platform in conjunction with in situ sensors. • Pursue a modular design approach which allows PIs to pick and choose the optimum combination of remote sensing instruments.
CAPRIS Configurations H2O DIAL/Aerosol • 1.45 µm, eye safe • 4.4 km range, 300 m resolution • Up, down, or side MM-Radar • Dual polarization H,V linear • Dual wavelength • Pod-based scanning • Doppler CM-Radar • Four active element scanning array (AESA) conformal antennas • C band side-looking • X band top, bottom looking • Dual Doppler • 4 x resolution due to simultaneous fore and aft beams from all four antennas • Dual polarization H,V linear UV O3 DIAL/Clear air wind • 0.24-0.30 μm; 0.28-0.30 μm • 5 km range, 100 m for DIAL • 25 km range and 250 m for wind • Molecular scattering • Conical scanning
CAPRIS Configurations -- Airborne CM-Radar • Four active element scanning array (AESA) conformal antennas • C band side-looking • X band top, bottom looking • Dual Doppler (V, σv) • 4 x resolution of current system due to simultaneous fore and aft beams from all four antennas • Dual polarization H,V linear • ZH, ZDR, KDP, LDR, RHOHV MM-Radar • Dual polarization H,V linear • ZH, ZDR, KDP, LDR, RHOHV • Dual wavelength (W,Ka) • Pod-based scanning • Doppler (V, σv)
Possible CAPRIS Radar Positions on C-130 Upper X-band W, Ka band Pod Starboard C-band Port C-band Lower X-band C-130 front view
CAPRIS Configurations – Ground Based CM-Radar • Re-package airborne system into two rapidly scanning mobile truck-based Radars: X and C bands • Re-configure both C band AESA’s into single flat aperture (for improved sensitivity and beamwidth) to be mechanically scanned in azimuth • Configure X-band similarly • Dual polarization H,V linear • Form multiple receive beams (3-5) for higher tilts MM-Radar • Re-package pod based radar into compact seatainer • Mobile, truck-based or shipped w/o truck • Mechanically scanned, azimuth and elevation • Dual wavelength (W and Ka) • Dual polarization Rapid DOW; Courtesy CSWR
Examples of Combined Measurements Murphey et al. (2006)
Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment Air pollutants vented from PBL O3, aerosols affect radiative forcing Pollutants rained out • From Mary Barth and Chris Cantrell’s DC3 report
We are gathering specifications for the following 6 lidars: 1. Water vapor DIAL (aerosol backscatter) 2. Ozone DIAL (aerosol backscatter) 3. UV Rayleigh Doppler (UT/LS winds) 4. IR Heterodyne Doppler (PBL winds) 5. Carbon Dioxide DIAL 6. Vegetation Canopy Lidar
Water Vapor CAPRIS Priority: Range-resolved profiles (vertical & horizontal) of water vapor over the widest range of climates and altitudes. Versatility requires eye-safety. Suggested approach: tunability 1450 – 1500 nm. Above: water vapor mixing ratio below DLR Falcon. From 940 nm H2O DIAL in 2002 IHOP. Courtesy: C. Kiemle, DLR Above: Water vapor absorption band heads and eye-safety. Courtesy: Scott Spuler, NCAR EOL
48” Tuning range 56” 34” Ozone CAPRIS Priority: Range-resolved vertical profiles of ozone over a wide range of environments and altitudes (e.g. urban air quality and UT/LS studies). Suggested approach: Tunability 260 - 310 nm Photos provided by Mike Hardesty & Chris Senff, NOAA
UT/LS Winds CAPRIS Priority: Range-resolved profiles (vertical) of horizontal and vertical velocities above and below aircraft in “Aerosol-free” regions of the UT/LS. Suggested approach: UV direct-detection and VAD scans from rotating holographic optical element. Diagrams and data provided by Bruce Gentry, NASA Goddard
IR Heterodyne Doppler CAPRIS Priority: high-resolution, eddy-resolving, velocities in the aerosol-rich lower troposphere. Suggested method: Heterodyne Doppler lidar at 1.5 or 2.0 microns. Data example courtesy Mike Hardesty, NOAA HRDL on DLR Falcon during I-HOP
CO2 DIAL CAPRIS Priority: Coarse resolution vertical profiles of CO2. Resolution: 10-minute, 500 m, 1 ppm in 340 ppm background. Suggested method: DIAL at 1.6 or 2.0 microns. 0.3% accuracy required. Extremely difficult.
Vegetation Canopy Lidar • Goal: Estimate biomass, canopy structure, and roughness • Large surface foot-print • Very high-speed (GHz) digitizers to resolve distribution of canopy matter (foliage, trunks, branches, twigs, etc.)
Potential CAPRIS Lidar Ground Based Deployment UV O3 DIAL/Clear air wind • Housed in standard 20’ seatainer for ease of portability • Both instruments share BSU and aperture • H2O DIAL/Aerosol • Housed in standard 20’ seatainer for ease of portability • Full hemispherical coverage via beam steering unit (BSU) • Larger telescope for increased sensitivity
Summary • CAPRIS will meet observational needs of several different scientific disciplines to help address key scientific questions. • Will fill the gap in current NCAR Aircraft instrumentation • All of the instruments will be built so that they are suitable for both airborne and ground-based deployment • Modular approach • Configure airborne platform for interdisciplinary research • Will modernize Lower Atmosphere Observing Facility remote sensors using the proven technology (phased array, polarization diversity and eye-safe Lidar technology) • No instrument suite currently exists on an airborne platform that can tackle the wide range of atmospheric problems outlined here
Assistance from our Community • A unique opportunity to advise in the development of a diverse instrument suite • Comments on the concept and design • Recommend individuals/groups to contact • Provide critical review of Prospectus draft
Questions and Comments For further information, contact: Jim Moore (jmoore@ucar.edu) Visit the website: http://www.eol.ucar.edu/development/capris/