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MONITORING THREATENED SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS FOR EXPOSURE TO SELECTED FECAL PATHOGENS

MONITORING THREATENED SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS FOR EXPOSURE TO SELECTED FECAL PATHOGENS. Melissa A. Miller, Nancy Christian, Mike Murray, Dave A. Jessup.

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MONITORING THREATENED SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS FOR EXPOSURE TO SELECTED FECAL PATHOGENS

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  1. MONITORING THREATENED SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS FOR EXPOSURE TO SELECTED FECAL PATHOGENS Melissa A. Miller, Nancy Christian, Mike Murray, Dave A. Jessup

  2. Pathogens may enter the ocean through surface runoff or sewage discharges, and serve as a source of infection for the threatened southern sea otter

  3. STUDY DESIGN Fresh sea otter feces: -fresh dead otters -live-captured otters -known otter haul-out sites Bacteria Protozoans Culture w/ confirmationFecal float & DFAT Bank material for subsequent molecular studies

  4. Protozoa Cryptosporidium Giardia Bacteria Salmonella sp. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (0157:H7) Campylobacter jejuni Vibrio cholera, etc. Pleisomonas shigelloides Clostridium perfringens POTENTIAL FECAL PATHOGENS

  5. Protozoa: 52 Bacteria: 40 SAMPLE SIZE:(number of fecal samples processed)

  6. RESULTS: PROTOZOA (n = 52) • Cryptosporidium 3.8% • Giardia 1.9%

  7. RESULTS: BACTERIA (n = 40) • Enterotoxigenic E. coli 0% • Vibrio cholera 0% • Salmonella 2.5% • Campylobacter jejuni-like 2.5% • Pleisomonas shigelloides 17.5% • Clostridium perfringens type A 20.0%

  8. SUMMARY • New host records for many organisms • Some bacterial isolates associated with evidence of gastrointestinal disease • Funding needed: • normal intestinal “flora” of the sea otter • role of organisms in pathogenicity • Comparison with human and domestic animal strains • Bioaccumulation of chemicals

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