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Ubiquitous Computing

Explore the world of ubiquitous computing and its impact on our daily lives. Discover how to design, measure usability, and prototype this new paradigm of computing. Learn about natural interaction, context-aware computing, and the challenges of evaluation.

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Ubiquitous Computing

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  1. Ubiquitous Computing Computers everywhere

  2. Where are we going? What happens when the input is your car pulls into the garage, and the output is the heat is turned up in the house, the hallway light is turned on, and the door is unlocked? • How would you design this? • What are the usability metrics? • How can you prototype and evaluate?

  3. Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp) • Move beyond desktop machine • Computing is embedded everywhere in the environment • Computing capabilities at any time, any place • Machines sense users presence and act accordingly • A new paradigm?? • “everyware”, “off the desktop”, “out of the box”, pervasive, invisible, calm, anytime/anywhere/any place, …

  4. Computers become invisible “The most profound technologies are those that disappear” – Mark Weiser • HCI: new focus on unobtrusiveness, invisibility • How do we make technology “vanish”? http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.html

  5. Videos • http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/corporate/future/hokusai/index.html • Other older examples from NTT Docomo • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKchgm9Nslk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae-Ssclu5A4 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eS0P16IyXOw • What interfaces did you see? • How did users interact? • What do you think of this vision?

  6. Ubicomp is ... • Related to: • mobile computing • wearable computing • augmented reality • In contrast with: • virtual reality (augmented virtuality)

  7. HCI Themes in Ubicomp • Natural interaction • Context-aware computing • Automated capture and access • Everyday computing

  8. Natural Interaction • How do input and output change? • Different form factors, more devices • Input • Towards implicit information • Feeds context-aware computing (later) • Output • Towards distributed, peripheral and ambient displays

  9. Natural / implicit input • Integrate into human life Pen input Gesture Speech Perceptual UI Tangible UI http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/david_merrill_demos_siftables_the_smart_blocks.html

  10. Device scales • Inch • PDAs • Blackberry & iPhone • Voice Recorders • GPS devices OQO

  11. Device scales • Foot • notebooks • tablets • digital paper

  12. Device scales • Yard • electronic whiteboards • plasma displays • smart bulletin boards

  13. Another take on scales • Based on ownership and location • body • desk • room • building From the GMD Darmstadt web site on I-Land

  14. Distributed Displays The Everywhere Display Project at IBM Microsoft Research Play Anywhere: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muibPAUvOXk&feature=related

  15. Peripheral & Ambient Displays • Ambient Orb • http://www.ambientdevices.com/ Digital Family Portrait

  16. What is Context? • Any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity • Who, what, where, when • Why is it important? • information, usually implicit, that applications do not have access to • It’s input that you don’t get in a GUI

  17. Example: Location services • Outdoor • Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) • wireless/cellular networks • Indoor • electronic tags, RFID • vision • motion detectors, keyboard activity

  18. How to Use Context • To present relevant information to someone • Mobile tour guide • To perform an action automatically • Print to nearest printer, unlock the right door • To show an action that user can choose • Chat with nearby friends, find comparable products

  19. (A few) Context-aware scenarios • Walk into room, lights, audio, etc. adjust to the presence of people • Security, emergency calls based on people in the home, health monitoring • Tracking and finding items in warehouse, alerting when inventory is low (or you need more milk), etc.

  20. Automated capture and access • Use of computers to preserve records of the live experience for future use (Abowd & Mynatt 2000) • Compelling applications • Design records • Health care monitoring and therapies • Family memories

  21. Technical Challenges • Connectivity – almost constant • How to gracefully handle changes? • Sensing • How to gather useful info? (i.e. location?) • Integration and analysis of data • How to recognize activity and recover when incorrect? • How to function at acceptable speeds? • Scale – both in information and size of displays

  22. Challenge of Evaluation • Bleeding edge technology • Novelty • Unanticipated uses • Error recovery • Quantitative metrics • Variety of social implications/issues

  23. Social issues • Privacy – who has access to data? • How do we make users aware of what technology is present? • Differing perspectives and opinions • Jane likes that the environment is aware she is present, but John doesn’t…

  24. Conclusions • Interfaces and interactions moving into the world • Real life interaction … noisy, erroneous • Continuous interaction … time sensitive • Design and evaluation get more complex

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