1 / 29

DATIVE SUBJECTS IN LITHUANIAN AND ICELANDIC

DATIVE SUBJECTS IN LITHUANIAN AND ICELANDIC. SLE 2012 Baltic languages in the European context: Theoretical, comparative and typological perspectives. 45th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea 29 August-01 September 2012 Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

neal
Download Presentation

DATIVE SUBJECTS IN LITHUANIAN AND ICELANDIC

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. DATIVE SUBJECTS IN LITHUANIAN AND ICELANDIC SLE 2012 Baltic languages in the European context: Theoretical, comparative and typological perspectives. 45th Annual Meeting of the SocietasLinguisticaEuropaea29 August-01 September 2012 Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden ValgerðurBjarnadóttir Departmentof Baltic Languages, Finnish and German Stockholm University valgerdur.bjarnadottir@balt.su.se

  2. DATIVE SUBJECT CONSTRUCTIONS • Man (yra) šalta LITH • me:DAT is:3pres cold:ADJ.NEUT • Mér er kalt ICEL • me:DAT is:3pres cold:ADJ.NEUT • ‘I’mcold/ I’mfreezing’

  3. OUTLINE • Introduction • Case and argument structure • Semantics (domains of occurrence of DS constructions) • Few tests for ´subjecthood´ • Circum-Baltic parallels • Different historical development • Conclusion

  4. : Case and argument structure in: Lithuanian Icelandic

  5. DATIVE SUBJECTS IN LITHUANIAN • Kaiptausekasi? DAT # • Howyou:DAT do :3PRES • ‘How do youfeel/do? ’ • Man patinkapavasaris DAT NOM • I:DAT like: 3PRES spring:NOM • ‘ I like spring’ • Man reikiapagalbos DAT GEN • I:DAT need:3PRES help:GEN • ‘I needhelp’ • Man reikiaeiti DAT INF • I:DAT need:3PRES go:INF • ‘I needto go’

  6. DATIVE SUBJECTS ICELANDIC • Henni leiðist DAT # • She:DAT bore:3PRES • She is bored • Henni líkaðibókin DAT NOM • She:DAT like:3PAST book:NOM • Sheliked the book • †Þuríðibatnaðisóttarinnar (oldIcel) DATGEN • Turid:DATrecoveredillness:GEN • Turid recovered from herillness • Henni virðistlíðavel DAT INF • She:DATseems to feel:INFwell • Sheseemstofeel fine

  7. DATIVE +ADJ/NOUN/ADVLITHUANIAN • Man šalta DAT ADJ • I:DAT cold:ADJNEUT • Man gėdadėlmamos DAT NOUN • I:DAT shamebecausemother:GEN • ‘ I amashamedof my mother’ • Man gailatavęs DAT ADV • I:DAT sorry:ADVyou:GEN • ‘ I feel sorry for you’

  8. DATIVE +ADJ/NOUN/ADVICELANDIC • Mér er kalt DAT ADJ • I:DAT is:3PRES cold:NEUT • Mér er vorkunn DAT NOUN • I:DAT is pity ‘Oneshouldfeel sorry for me’ • Mér er sama DAT ADV • I:DAT is same • ‘I don´tcare ’

  9. Lithuanian DAT SubjCxns Valgerður Bjarnadóttir

  10. DATIVE SUBJECTS SEMANTICS Icel Lith Suit/become Be sufficient/suffice Occurtoone´s mind Be pleased/like/dislike Succeed/benefit/get Bodilystate/change Havefear /agony Seem/appear Be surprised Obligation Possession Be ofconcern Be difficult Sorrow Shame Lack/need Be in danger Findstrengthin Speaking Expect Valgerður Bjarnadóttir

  11. SUBJECTHOOD • (Initial position preferred +) • Control ofreflexivepronouns + • (Control ofconverbs-) • Raisingtosubjects+ • Control ofinfinitive – • (Coreferentialdeletion –/+) • (Source of diathetic change –) • Double Dat cxns ?

  12. Control ofreflexives Katreireikėjosavo/*jos draugės Katrė:DATneed:3PST her:_+refl/-reflfriendGEN ‘Katrėneededherfriend ’ Katrėsreikėjo *savo/jos draugei Katrė:GENneed:3PST herfriend:DAT ‘The friendneededKatrė’ (Christen, 1995, 23)

  13. Control ofreflexivesOld Lithuanian • koġberêikiamumus ape ſawérûpintiś? • what:GEN need us:DAT about us:REFLcare:INF • ‘what do we need to care about ourselves’ • (DP. 81.21, 1590)

  14. Raisingtosubject • Man pradėjoskaudėtigalvą (Mod Lith) • I:DAT began:3PST hurt:INFhead:ACC • ‘My headbegantohurt ’ • IegukadpradeſtimumisneſkanetiPanadewaßadis • If thatbeginwe:DATnot like lord God´sword:NOM ‘If webegintodislikeGod´sword ’ • (WP 209,r19, 1573)

  15. Control of PRO Infinitive • *Jistikisi [PRO] patiktišiknyga (Lith) • He:NOM hopes like:INF this book:NOM • Hannvonasttil að líkaþessibók (Icel) • He:NOM hopes like:INF this book:NOM • Intended meaning: ‘He hopes to like this book’

  16. Strikingparallelismsacross Eastern Circum-Baltic area • Seržants (2012) :DAT subj pred. in West Finnic, Baltic and Russian show structural parallelisms in lexical, morphological and syntactic levels

  17. Subject control of PRO in infinitival complements * NenoriubūtišaltaLITHUANIAN not.want:PRS.1SG be:INFcold:ADV *NegrībubūtaukstiLATVIAN not.want:PRS.1SG be:INFcold:ADV *Ne xoču byt’ xolodnoRUSSIAN not want:PRS.1SG be:INFcold:ADV *Eitaha olla külm. ESTONIAN not wantbe:INFcold:ADV • ‘I don’twantto be cold’ (Seržants 2012)

  18. Double dativecxns Mergaiteibuvobaisuvienaieiti per mišką. Girl:DAT be afraid:3PRS alone:DATgo:INF throughforest ‘The girlwasafraidto go alonethrough the forest’ Nepakanka būtigeram not enough be:INFgood:DAT ‘It is not enough to be good/kind’

  19. Double dativecxns in old Lith Negerjraszmoguiwienambuti not good is man:DATalone:DATbe:INF ‘It is not good for a man to be alone’ (VE 50 14, 1579) Prisieinasjambútinuògam Need he:DATbe:INFnaked:DAT ‘he needs to be naked’ (Fraenkel, 1928, 120)

  20. Double Dative • Vytautas paprašėtėvo [PRO ateitivienam] • Vytautasaskedfather:GEN PRO:DAT to come alone:DAT • ‘Vytautas askedfatherto come alone’ (Lavine, 2000, 76) • Honumleiðisteinum (Icel) • He:DAT is boredalone:DAT • Honumleiðistaðveraeinn/?einum • He:DAT is boredto be alone:NOM/DAT

  21. DAT-INF LITHUANIAN • Mumuswissiemsmirti(Old Lith) • weDATallDATdieINF • ‘we all must die’ (BrB II Moz 12,33) • NesaiambuwasawaWalnistesmiestepasilikti, ikkismerties • Because himDAT was his free cityLOCstay till death • ‘because he has to stay in his refuge city till death’ • (BrB II Moz 35,28)

  22. DAT-INF in otherlanguages • Tevnebūszagt! (Latv) • you:DAT not to:FUTsteal:INF • ‘Youshall not steal’(ME I 359) • Mi budetьnynĕpoĕxati (Old Russ) • I:DAT be:3sg nowleave:INF • ‘I havetoleave’ (Ambrazas, 2006,339) • Meystoerigenne (Old English) • I:DAT is:3Pr toplough:INF • ‘I havetoplough’ (Bauer, 2000,212)

  23. DAT with participles and absolute DAT Geresniabututam Szmogui ne gimmusiam Better be:3COND this man:DAT not born:DAT ‘It would have been better for this man not to be born’ (BrBMrk 14, 21, 1590) • Mumusiautantemuspreggrabastaghis est didis • We:DATwaking:DAT at grave suddenly is big • drebeijamasszemes • shaking:NOMearth:GEN • ‘whilewearewaking by the grave therewassuddenly a violentearthquake’ (WP 157. 1)

  24. DAT. SUBJ. WITH NEUT. ADJ.LITHUANIAN • Jisšaltas‘he is cold’vs. Jam šalta‘he is freezing, he feels cold’ • Jissunkus‘he is heavy’ vs. Jam sunku‘it is difficult for him’ • Jisnuobodus‘he is boring’vs. jam nuobodu‘he is bored’ • Jisbaisus‘he is terrifying’ vs. Jam baisu‘he is afraid’ • Jisjuokingas‘he is funny’vs. Jamjuokinga‘he thinks it is funny’

  25. DAT. SUBJ. WITH NEUT. ADJ.ICELANDIC • Hann er kaldur vs. Honum er kalt (cold-freezing) • Hann er heitur vs. Honum er heitt(hot) • Hann er ljúfur vs Honum er ljúft(sweet/pleasing) • Hannerillur‘he is evil/mean’vs. Honumerillt‘He is hurting/feels sick’ • Honumeróglatt‘He is nauseated’ • Honumerbumbult‘He is nauseated’

  26. DAT. SUBJ. WITH REFLEXIVE VERBSLITHUANIAN • Ašmataumišką‘I see the forest’– Man matosimiškas‘To me the forest is seen’ or ‘I can see the forest / man girdisimuzika‘I can hear music” • Jisčiageraimiega -Jamčiageraimiegasi • ‘He sleeps here well’heDAT well sleep3Pr.Rfl • Jis(intensyviai) dirba - Jam (*intensyviai) dirbasi • ‘he (strenuously) works ’ heDAT(*strenuously) works

  27. DAT. SUBJ. WITH REFLEXIVE VERBSICELANDIC • Égheyri‘I hear’vs. mérheyrðist‘ I:DAT thought I heard’ /mérmisheyrðist‘I misheard’ • ‘*mérheyrðisttónlist’ • Égfinn‘I find’vs. mérfinnst‘ It seems to me’ • Égsé‘I see” vs. mérséstyfir‘it escapes my notice’ • Égmæli‘I speak’ vs. Mérmælistvel(*afástetturáði) I:DAT delivered a goodspeech (*deliberately)

  28. CONCLUSION • Similarities: • Argument structure : howevermore variation in Lith • Main semanticgroups • Differences: • Certainsemanticdifferences(possession, speaking, sorrow/shame, lack/need) • Subjecthood • Circum-Baltic parallels • Less semantically restricted in an be assigned in almost all instances -non-finite- regardless of the lexical semantics of the verb

  29. Tack! Takk! ThankYou! Ačiū!

More Related