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Labour Migration in Hard Times 20 th November 2013 Workplace enforcement. Nick Clark. UK: second least regulated labour market in OECD (2008). UK: second least regulated labour market in OECD (2008). Over-represented amongst the least protected. Obligatory self-employment
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LabourMigration in Hard Times20th November 2013Workplace enforcement Nick Clark
Over-represented amongst the least protected • Obligatory self-employment • Agency workers (Swedish derogation) • Domestic workers • Tied to employer by immigration regulations • Contracts deemed unlawful • Immigration rules • Undeclared work
Principal forms of enforcement • Do it yourself 1: Employment Tribunals (& county courts) • Health & Safety Executive • National Minimum Wage Inspectorate • Gangmasters Licensing Authority • Insolvency Service (& RPO) • Employment Agency Standards Inspectorate • Equality & Human Rights Commission • Do it yourself 2: “organic enforcement”
Organic enforcement in action RMT Eurostar cleaners Photo: Unite the Resistance
Disappearing enforcement • ETs • EASI • Agricultural Wages Board • GLA • HSE
Disappearing enforcement • ETs – placed out of reach through fees • EASI – absorbed into NMWI • Agricultural Wages Board • GLA – pre-licensing inspections • HSE – London Outreach project
Disappearing enforcement From HSE Annual report 2011-12
Enforcement a-plenty Photo: Indymedia
Conclusions • by focusing on migrant groups we shine a light on the routine exploitation in certain areas of the labour market • enforcement methods are being further weakened in the names of austerity and deregulation • breaches of fundamental employment rights will go undetected and unpunished • competition at the bottom end of the labour market will become more intense • even proactive approach (like the GLA’s) cannot do more than scratch at the surface • Organic enforcement plus unions in the role of workers’ inspectors is needed