Civil and Voting Rights

1. Civil and Voting Rights 4-25-2011

2. Do Now • Get your laptop and log on • Cell phone out and on the top left of your desk • What is an example of a right that is not in the constitution, but is still yours? • What amendment guarantees us that right? • Quiz and study vocabulary Complete the graphic organizer you picked up, from memory please!

3. Objectives • Identify key content found in amendments 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 23, 24, 26 • Create imagery associated with the 13th, 14th, 15, 17th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, and 26th amendments • Empathize with slaves through the many dilemmas they faced when treated as property, not people

4. Slavery web quest • On your laptop, go to: • http://bit.ly/qL1ciD • Link is also on the class homepage: • http://classes.charlesdittrich.com As we study civil rights, we’ll begin by examining slavery, a systematic attempt to deny human and civil rights from an entire group of people

5. When you finish….. • Read the article on page 24 then answer the article question sheet. • Goal – to begin identifying ways Americans held blacks back from claiming their civil rights even after we ended slavery

6. Mason Dixon journey • 1. Did anything surprising happen during the simulation? If so, describe it! • 2. Were there options for the volunteers, or outcomes, that did not happen but you would have liked to see happen? What were they? • 3. What causes people to establish such rules and act this way? • 4. How do people act when they have power? Or feel powerless? • 5. How can situations like this be changed?

7. Closure • Describe the experience of blacks during and after slavery in America by: • On one post it note, write down one verb that you saw taking place to, during, by a black person in slavery or after slavery • On the other post it note, write down an adverb that describes how that verb occurred • Example: hurriedly ran

8. Do Now

10. Objectives

11. Impact on African Americans • Protection left largely to the states • Denied citizenship • Denied voting rights • Denied property holding rights, etc Loss of civil rights, or rights guaranteed all U.S. citizens, especially by the Constitution and the BoR

12. Civil War 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, grants full citizenship to African Americans & declares that no state can take away life, liberty or property without dueprocess of law Emancipation Proclamation frees slaves in Confederate states 13th Amendment, ratified in 1865, outlaws slavery in all states and lands governed by the U.S.

13. Loss of Civil Rights Racism is a form of prejudice, or being biased or having a belief or attitude formed beforehand Court cases and laws legally separated whites from blacks because of prejudice • Segregation, or separating whites from blacks based on race, became law through the court case Plessy v. Ferguson • Homer Plessypurchased a first class ticket – forced to sit elsewhere when he revealed he was an ‘octoroon’. Sued, claiming violation of 13th and 14th Amendment • Supreme Court ruled against him

14. Separate is not equal • Rosa Parks sparks the civil rights movement in the 1950s with her refusal to move for a white passenger. • Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka attacks segregation again in the Supreme Court, in 1954 • Argues that states do not treat whites and blacks equally in school facilities, funding, instructors, and supplies – that the Plessy standard of ‘separate but equal’ violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment • States denied black citizens equal protection by refusing to fund/staff/provide equal schools

15. Key information on voting rights • British colonies – only free white men owning property • Some states expand to include those that pay taxes, not just property owners • Only landowners hold office • Constitution makes no mention of voting rights • Local laws prevent women, slaves, freed African Americans, poor and other groups from voting – Jim Crow 1870 sees the beginning of suffrage, or voting rights, reform

16. Suffrage Rights 15th Amendment – ratified 1870, no one can be denied suffrage because of race or color. Women still denied, so only African American men States pass laws to keep them from voting – poll taxes, job requirements, etc.. Lynchings – Jim Crow laws • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Voting Rights Act of 1965

17. Seventeenth Amendment Direct election of senators, no longer through state legislatures Increases Direct Representation

18. Nineteenth Amendment Women’s suffrage Wyoming is the first state to allow female voters in 1890 1920 – right to vote extended to all women in the amendment

19. Twenty-third amendment Ratified in 1961, gives citizens in the District of Columbia the right to vote in presidential and vice-presidential elections

20. Twenty-fourth amendment Ratified in 1964, Bans the use of taxes as requirements for voting in national elections Poll tax, or a tax a person has to pay to register to vote – prevent poor from voting 1966, the Supreme Court uses this amendment to ban use of poll taxes in states as well

21. Twenty-sixth amendment Ratified in 1971, the Amendment gives 18 year olds the right to vote – why? Old enough to die for their country, old enough to vote for those that send them off to war

25. Closure • Why do you think it took so long to embrace voting and civil rights for all Americans?