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Origins of Islam. 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham. Origins of Islam. Muhammad was born in Mecca became a businessman married a wealthy woman named Khadijah
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Origins of Islam • 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham
Origins of Islam • Muhammad was born in Mecca • became a businessman • married a wealthy woman named Khadijah • interested in religion & spent a lot of time in prayer and meditation
Origins of Islam • Muslim belief - one night while Muhammad was meditating, an angel appeared & told him that he was a chosen messenger of god, Allah • The Muslim word for god is Allah.
Origins of Islam • Muhammad began to teach that Allah was the only god. • People who followed Muhammad were called Muslims & practiced the religion of Islam, meaning “submission to Allah.”
Basic religious beliefspage 267 The 5 Pillars: • Faith – All Muslims make a testament of faith, that there is only one god, Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger. • Prayer– Face to Mecca and pray 5 times each day. • Alms – Give money to the poor. • Fasting – Do not eat during daylight hours in the holy month of Ramadan. • Pilgrimage– Travel to Mecca at least once in your life if you are physically and financially able.
Basic religious beliefs • The Qur’an is the holy book of Islamic belief. • Only the Arabic language is spoken in Muslim prayer.
Islamic Split • In 656, a Muslim caliph named Uthman was murdered. His successor, Ali was also murdered. • A family named the Umayyads came to power. They Moved the capital of the Islamic empire from Mecca, to Damascus.
Islamic Split • A group of Muslims who did not like the rule of the Umayyad family broke away from them. This split Muslims into two groups:
Growth of the Islamic Empire • Abu-Bakr became the caliph, or religious leader, of the Muslims after Muhammad’s death in 632. • Abu-Bakr declared jihad (religious war), against people who did not follow Islam. Jihad – used to expand the Islamic empire. • A disciplined military & expert commanders aided the Islamic empire in conquest. • Muslims allowed all conquered people to retain religious freedom.
Growth of the islamic empire • Abassids (Islamic group) came to power in 750 • moved the capital of Islam to Baghdad (Iraq) • developed a strong bureaucracy to help manage affairs of the empire • had separate government departments for the treasury, the management of the military, & foreign affairs • created taxes to help fund their empire
Trade Routes • Arabian Peninsula - crossroads between Africa, Asia, & Europe • New capital at Baghdad had easy access to Mediterranean, Indian Oceans, & Silk Road trading route that connected Europe w/ China • Arabian Peninsula used a common language, Arabic, & a common currency
Islamic Scholars Muhammad believed strongly in the power for learning: • (Medicine) IbnSinabegan working as a doctor at age 18 & became one of Islam’s leading medical scholars. He wrote several books, the most famous of which are The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine • (Geography) IbnBattutawas a famous Muslim explorer. He traveled throughout the known world (farther even than Marco Polo). He recorded his journeys in his book Rihla (meaning “voyage”)
