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EPOG seminar The ecological transitions of the digital society 25 November 2016

This seminar explores the environmental impact of the digital society and discusses transition pathways towards a more ecological future. Topics include ICT and natural ecosystems, the ecology of the mind, unlocking eco-innovations, and bursting information bubbles.

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EPOG seminar The ecological transitions of the digital society 25 November 2016

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  1. EPOG seminar The ecological transitions of the digital society25 November 2016 Cédric GOSSART http://gossart.wp.mines-telecom.fr/ / cedric.gossart@telecom-em.eu

  2. TEM = The business school of IMT IMT = 26 engineering & business schools

  3. Outline 1. Introduction 2. The issues at stake 2.1. ICT & natural ecosystems 2.2. The ecology of the mind 3. Transition pathways 3.1. Unlocking eco-innovations 3.2. Bursting information bubbles 4. Conclusion

  4. 1. Introduction

  5. http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2013/MIS2013_without_Annex_4.pdfhttp://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2013/MIS2013_without_Annex_4.pdf

  6. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2014-e.pdf.

  7. http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2013/MIS2013_without_Annex_4.pdfhttp://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2013/MIS2013_without_Annex_4.pdf

  8. Planetary boundaries “The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth System.” Source: http://www.stockholmresilience.org.

  9. An ecological digital society? Source: Geels, F., Schot, J., 2007. Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways. Research Policy 36, 399-417. Technological niches

  10. Does Twitter Make Politics More Partisan? The homophily principle: similarity breeds connection. McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., Cook, J.M., 2001. Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks. Annual Review of Sociology 27, 415-444. Social media breed info bubbles: “Here’s How Facebook Actually Won Trump the Presidency”. https://www.wired.com/2016/11/facebook-won-trump-election-not-just-fake-news/. https://www.fastcodesign.com/1664612/infographic-of-the-day-does-twitter-make-our-politics-more-partisan

  11. 2. The issues at stake

  12. Source : http://www2.cnrs.fr/en/2155.htm

  13. Raw materials What are ICT equipments made of?

  14. Metals in Electrical and Electronic Equipments (EEE) Source: Hagelüken, C. and M. Buchert (2008). The mine above ground. Industrial Engineering Research Conference. Salzbourg (Austria).

  15. Rare metals

  16. Rare earth elements

  17. War minerals Blood in your mobile A new business model? http://www.fairphone.com/roadmap/mining/ + Guardian article

  18. Energy use

  19. Waste of electrical and electronic equipment WEEE E-waste

  20. Relationships between ICT & Environment Source: Hilty, L.M. (2008), Information Technology and Sustainability: Essays on the Relationships between Information Technology and Sustainable Development, Norderstedt: Books on Demand, p. 147.

  21. The (dirty) story of electronics http://storyofstuff.org/movies/story-of-electronics/

  22. IT addicts Five clues that you are addicted to Facebook At war with World of Warcraft: an addict tells his story http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/04/23/ep.facebook.addict/index.html?iref=24hours http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/aug/29/world-of-warcraft-video-game-addict

  23. http://www.journalism.org/2016/05/26/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2016/pj_2016-05-26_social-media-and-news_0-01/http://www.journalism.org/2016/05/26/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2016/pj_2016-05-26_social-media-and-news_0-01/ http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/25/upshot/americans-dont-live-in-information-cocoons.html http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/306868/

  24. The risks of “information cocoons” • Fragmentation & filtering: risks for • democracy? • Restrict diversity of viewpoints • Impoverish democratic debate • Restrict freedom to make well-informed choices

  25. Benjamin Franklin (1787): "A republic, if you can keep it." Source : http://constitutioncenter.org/

  26. 3. Transition pathways

  27. Example: the lighting transition

  28. What is eco-innovation? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284835216_Lock-in_and_path_dependence_an_evolutionary_approach_to_eco-innovations

  29. Definitions (reference in JEE paper) Kemp and Oltra (2011: 249): Eco-innovations are “innovations whose environmental impact on a life cycle basis is lower than those of relevant alternatives”. Source: Cecere, G., N. Corrocher, et al. (2014). Lock-in and path dependence: An evolutionary approach to eco-innovations. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 24(5): 1037-1065. link

  30. How can eco-innovations transform digital societies?

  31. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Systematic evaluation of the environmental aspects of a product or service system through all stages of its life cycle.

  32. The complete life cycle of a plasma television device Source: Hischier, R. & I. Baudin (2010), "LCA study of a plasma television device", The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15(5): 428-438.S ARD: abiotic resource depletion; GWP: global warming potential; ODP: stratospheric ozone depletion potential; PCOP: photochemical oxidation potential; AP: acidification potential; EP: eutrophication potential; HTP human: toxicity potential; FAETP: freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential; MAETP: marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential; TETP: terrestrial ecotoxicity potential; EI'99: total Eco-Indicator '99 method (previous: with CML)

  33. Impacts of computer components Source: Eugster, M., R. Hischier, et al. (2007). Key environmental impacts of the Chinese EEE industry - a life cycle assessment study. Prepared for State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO). St.Gallen / Switzerland; Beijing / China, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (Empa); Tsinghua University China.

  34. Green IT* fights obsolescence… http://www.centennialbulb.org/ * Digital technologies seeking to achieve significant progress towards sustainable development. See : http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1536

  35. Which eco-innovations for ICT? • Ecodesigned ICT: • Production phase: ecodesign + CSR • Use phase: responsible consumption • End-of-life: design for recycling + responsible e-waste management • Use of ICT to reduce ecological impacts (IT for green).

  36. Exemple 1: Smart grids

  37. Exemple 2: Yahoo! datacentre • PUE = 1,08 • 40% reductionenergycosts Source : http://www.pcworld.com/article/205728/yahoo_opens_chicken_coop_green_data_center.html.

  38. Exemple 3: Software eco-innovation http://www.teragir.org/ http://www.jeunesreporters.org/

  39. Exemple 4: Environmental monitoring Source : GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems). http://www.earthobservations.org/geoss.shtml + https://gossart.wp.mines-telecom.fr/files/2016/01/Num%C3%A9rique-et-environnement-draft.pdf

  40. Exemple 5: Telework Source : OECD (2010), "Information Technology Outlook", summary available at: http://www.oecd.org/document/20/0,3746,en_2649_34449_41892820_1_1_1_1,00.html.

  41. Exemple 6: Serious gaming https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate_of_the_World

  42. Exemple 7: The edible battery http://www.cmu.edu/homepage/health/2013/spring/incredible-edible.shtml

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