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Genetic Engineering Short Notes. How do you make “designer genes”? (Recombinant DNA). Definitions: Genetic engineering- remaking genes for practical purposes Recombinant DNA- DNA made from two or more different organisms
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How do you make “designer genes”? (Recombinant DNA) Definitions: • Genetic engineering- remaking genes for practical purposes • Recombinant DNA- DNA made from two or more different organisms • Restriction enzyme- enzymes that recognize short specific DNA sequences and that cut the DNA there • Plasmid-small, circular DNA molecules that can replicate independantly of the main chromosome • Vector- something used to carry the gene of interest into another cell
There are 4 steps: 1. Cutting DNA- restriction enzymes cutout the gene of interest so there are short, single strand ends, called Sticky ends, on the DNA
2. Making recombinant DNA- the gene of interest is put into a plasmid that has been cut the same way. 3. Gene cloning- many copies of the gene are made whenever the host cell reproduces
4. Screening for transformation- scientists look for a certain trait to be expressed in certain colonies of cells following an attempted recombination
Screening can also be done by using electrophoresis and Southern blot techniques
