System Engineering Process Improvement In Today’s Life Cycle Context

1. System Engineering Process Improvement In Today’s Life Cycle Context Mike Bloom, Joe Duquette Organization: ESC/EN Version 2.2

2. We Need to Leverage Our Process Experience and Use It To Succeed “The only source of knowledge is experience” A. Einstein

3. Purpose Define the life cycle and life cycle attributes that the EN CMMI System Engineering Process Improvement Program will apply to and operate in. The life-cycle for the C2 Product Line is unique and complex

4. Acquisition Environment - Shared responsibilities • Enterprise Architecture • Life Cycle and Spiral • Stakeholders - External requirements beyond the product function - Simultaneous life-cycle phases - including O&M - Many external stakeholders - continuously involved Major ESC Life Cycle Challenges Our System Engineering Processes Need to Address These Challenges

5. We need to devote our energy on the programs to product innovation not process reinvention. ESC Life Cycle Focus • We are spending increasing effort on each • of our programs responding to daily crises • and asynchronous initiatives - it is consuming • EN’s CMMI based processes are built to • meet the C2 product line challenges

6. Stakeholders Relationships Architectures Life Cycle Business Model Overview I II Environment III IV

7. Environment

8. 80s Technology Formal Communications Large Defense Budgets Stovepipe Systems Business Environment - 1980s Independent Organizations Operations Acquisition Contractors Sustainment Time and Money Permitted Independent Organizational Processes

9. Acquisition Operations Contractors IPTs Smaller Defense Budgets COTS Rapid Technology Change System of Systems Integration • Sustainment Business Environment - Today Interdependent Organizations Shared Data and Responsibilities Organizational Processes Today Must Provide for Shared Data and Responsibilities

10. How Do CMMI Based Processes Help With Shared Responsibilities? • Both industry and government are developing processes • under the same framework Same Language • DoD will most likely encourage process improvement • through CMMI - AFMC will be doing likewise DoD and Industry Wide • Process Areas are envisioned to be shared or not shared • - depending on the negotiated arrangement between the • program office and the contractor Supports Process Sharing

11. Engineering Requirements Management Requirements Development Technical Solution Enterprise Integration Verification Validation Process Management Process Focus Process Definition Training Process Performance Innovation & Deployment Quantitative Management CMMI Process Area Categories M E Project Management • Project Planning • Monitoring & Control • Supplier Agreements • Integrated Management • Risk Management S P Support • Configuration Management • Quality Assurance • Measurement & Analysis • Causal Analysis & Resolution • Decision Analysis & Resolution

12. Notional Allocation of Process Responsibility Project Management Project Planning (G) Project Monitoring and Control (S) Acquisition Strategy Supplier Agreement Management (G) and / or Integrated Project Management (S) Government (G) Life Cycle Phase Risk Management (S) [User, SPO, Test] Engineering Requirements Management (S) Conscious Tailored Requirements Development (G) CMMI Allocation Technical Solution (S) Product Integration (S) Product Verification (S) System Engineering Contractor (C) Validation (G) Execution Process Support Allocation Configuration Management (S) Process and Product Quality Assurance (C) Measurement and Analysis (S) Causal Analysis and Resolution (S) Shared (S) Decision Analysis and Resolution (S) Organizational Process Management Process Focus (S) Process Definition (S) Innovation and Deployment (S) Training (S) Core Group Infrastructure Process Performance (S) Responsibilities Quantitative Management (S) Shared ResponsibilitiesRequires Process Sharing

13. Shared Data from Shared Processes Project Engineering View t Integrated Digital User ORD(s) View Environment t Project Management View IDE t "The truth is in the Database" AFOTEC Testing View t Project Support View t SM Funding View t Shared Processes Require Shared Data Support Processes Management Processes Engineering Processes Shared Data Assures Accurate and Timely Information Exchange Among Stakeholders

14. Architectures

15. Architecture Is ... • Architecture is a set of tenets used to harmonize design • choices across multiple disciplines used to solve problems • in a specified domain • Architecture is used to manage the complexity of the • information system capability in a domain • Architecture impacts the individual system by showing • the required relationship to other systems in the domain • and requiring all systems to adhere to tenets to implement • the relationship Architecture Imposes Requirements Beyond a Program’s Functional Capabilities

16. Program Architecture Enterprise Architecture “As Is” Technical “As Is” Technical Transition Transition “To Be” Technical “To Be” Technical Program Constraints Minimal set of rules governing Minimal set of rules governing Minimal set of rules governing Minimal set of rules governing Minimal set of rules governing Minimal set of rules governing the arrangement, interaction the arrangement, interaction the arrangement, interaction the arrangement, interaction the arrangement, interaction the arrangement, interaction and interdependencies of and interdependencies of and interdependencies of and interdependencies of and interdependencies of and interdependencies of system parts or elements system parts or elements system parts or elements system parts or elements system parts or elements system parts or elements POM Cycle, Budget Cuts, Management Considerations, Support Resource Inadequacy, and Political Considerations Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command Command 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Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast “As Is” System “As Is” System Transition Transition “To Be” System “To Be” System Systems and interconnections Systems and interconnections Systems and interconnections Systems and interconnections Systems and interconnections Systems and interconnections providing for or supporting providing for or supporting providing for or supporting providing for or supporting providing for or supporting providing for or supporting “To Be” Operational “To Be” Operational military operation military operation military operation military operation military operation military operation Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Data Model Data Model Data Model Data Model Data Model Data Model Data Model Data Model Data Model Data Model Data Model Data Model “As Is” Operational “As Is” Operational Transition Transition Operational tasks, elements and Operational tasks, elements and information flows required to information flows required to accomplish military operation accomplish military operation Operational tasks, elements and Operational tasks, elements and Operational tasks, elements and Operational tasks, elements and information flows required to information flows required to information flows required to information flows required to accomplish military operation accomplish military operation accomplish military operation accomplish military operation Program Spirals Functional Requirements plus ... Architectures and Program Constraints Both Constrain and Define the Individual Program Approach

17. Directives, Constraints, Mission Shortfalls Standardization, Roadmaps Processes Need to Address ... Enterprise Integration Mission Area Planning Budgeting Priority Requirements Definition Requirements Development Decision Analysis and Resolution Contracting Activity Planning Supplier Agreement Management Project Planning Product Control Requirements Management Integrated Project Management Technical Solution Configuration Management Risk Management Product Integration Quality Assurance Project Monitoring and Control Causal Analysis and Resolution Technical Execution Program Management Assessment & Certification Deficiencies SOS Integration & Delivery Product Measurement Validation Products Verification and Analysis Outcome & Feedback Organizational Process Management Enterprise Integration is a “Custom” C2 Overarching Process Area Influencing Program Requirements Process Process Process Innovation and Quantitative Training Focus Definition Performance Deployment Mgmt Process Maturation

18. Directives, Constraints, Mission Shortfalls Enterprise Integration Standardization, Roadmaps Key Concurrent Up Front Program Activities Processes Need to Address ... Mission Area Planning Budgeting Priority Requirements Definition Requirements Development Decision Analysis and Resolution Contracting Activity Planning Supplier Agreement Management Project Planning Product Control Requirements Management Integrated Project Management Technical Solution Configuration Management Risk Management Product Integration Quality Assurance Project Monitoring and Control Causal Analysis and Resolution Technical Execution Program Management Assessment & Certification Deficiencies SOS Integration & Delivery Product Measurement Validation Products Verification and Analysis Outcome & Feedback Organizational Process Management CMMI Based Engineering Process Improvement Addresses Key Concurrent Up Front Activities Process Process Process Innovation and Quantitative Training Focus Definition Performance Deployment Mgmt Process Maturation

19. Directives, Constraints, Mission Shortfalls Enterprise Integration Enterprise Integration Standardization, Roadmaps Requirements Development Decision Analysis and Resolution Project Planning Integrated Project Management Requirements Management Technical Solution Configuration Management Risk Management Product Integration Project Monitoring and Control SoS Integration and Delivery Validation Architecture Impact On Our CMMI Based Engineering Process Improvement Processes Need to Address ... Mission Area Planning Budgeting Priority Requirements Definition Requirements Development Decision Analysis and Resolution Contracting Activity Planning Supplier Agreement Management Project Planning Product Control Requirements Management Integrated Project Management Technical Solution Configuration Management Risk Management Product Integration Quality Assurance Project Monitoring and Control Causal Analysis and Resolution Technical Execution Program Management Assessment & Certification Deficiencies SOS Integration & Delivery Product Measurement Validation Products Verification and Analysis Outcome & Feedback Organizational Process Management Process Process Process Innovation and Quantitative Training Focus Definition Performance Deployment Mgmt Process Maturation

20. Directives, Constraints, Mission Shortfalls Enterprise Integration Enterprise Integration Standardization, Roadmaps Requirements Development Project Planning Requirements Management Risk Management Chief Engineer Key Process Areas Include CMMI Based Engineering Process Improvement Processes Need to Address ... Mission Area Planning Budgeting Priority Requirements Definition Requirements Development Decision Analysis and Resolution Contracting Activity Planning Supplier Agreement Management Project Planning Product Control Requirements Management Integrated Project Management Technical Solution Configuration Management Risk Management Product Integration Quality Assurance Project Monitoring and Control Causal Analysis and Resolution Technical Execution Program Management Assessment & Certification Deficiencies SOS Integration & Delivery Product Measurement Validation Products Verification and Analysis Outcome & Feedback Organizational Process Management Process Process Process Innovation and Quantitative Training Focus Definition Performance Deployment Mgmt Process Maturation

21. CMMI Fits Our Needs • ESC “Custom” Process Area for Enterprise Integration • CMMI explicitly addresses key up front project processes • CMMI accommodates Architecture impacts on the process implementation at ESC • CMMI provides for key processes for ESC/EN execution of Chief Engineer function to include: • Requirements Development and Management • Risk Management • Enterprise Integration • Project Planning CMMI

22. Life Cycle Business Model Life Cycle Business Model

23. Funding Contract System DT&E Depot & Award Disposal Complete Start Direction DoD 5000 Block Lifecycle System Life Cycle Mission Operations & Advocacy Package Acquisition Support & Planning Development Integration Strategy IOC FOC A B C Production & Concept & System Development Deployment Operations & Technology FRP & Demonstration Support Development Decision OT&E Review Sustainment Systems Acquisition Pre - Systems (Engineering and Manufacturing Acquisition Development, Demonstration, LRIP & BLOCK 2 Production) BLOCK 3 Program Life Cycle

24. ConceptDefinition Acquisition Strategy Package Development Mission Integration Operations & Support Program Life Cycle

25. Experiment on Next Generation • Ops Architecture • User Requirements • Investment Funding • Experimentation • ATDs & ACTDs • Transition Decisions ConceptDefinition • Define, Design, • and Test New • Capabilities • Fielding • Decisions • System Architecture • Product Requirements • Technology Change • Design & Test Acquisition Strategy and Package Development • Previous Versions • Other Systems • Ops Environment • Shortfall Fixes • Tech Architecture • Interoperability • Infrastructure • Certification Mission Integration • System Employment • Parallel Operations • User Feedback • Plug and Play • Mission Shortfall Fixes • “As Is” Architectures • Operational Changes • User Feedback • Operations Budgeting Operations & Support Sustain the Legacy System(s) In the C2 World In any Program All Four Phases Can Be Running Concurrently Life Cycle Detail

26. New Contract Action Functional or Performance Baseline Change ConceptDefinition Acquisition Strategy ATD Experiment ACTD COTS Product Integration Plug & Play or Bug Fix Beta or Development Only Package Development Program Direction Change Mission Integration Operations & Support Program Life Cycle - Multiple Types of Spirals

27. Legacy Architecture Requirements Implied Legacy Requirements Baseline Risk/ CONOPS Opportunity Technology Schedule Operational Budget Evolution Political Development Climate Sequencing User Priority Individual Spiral Considerations Spiral N+1 Engineering Processes Must Accommodate A Complex Set of Variables

28. Traditional System Engineering Focus Mission Integration Acquisition & Development Operations & Support Concept Definition Enterprise Planning Development Planning Concept Planning O&S Planning Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority SoS Requirements and Ops Architecture Requirements Definition Concept Definition Mod Requirements Definition Version Planning Package Planning Mod Deployment Planning Experiment Planning Contracting Contracting Contracting Contracting Production/Deploy Integration Execution Mod Development Execution Development Execution Activity Execution Assessment & Certification Assessment & Certification Assessment & Certification Assessment Another Spiral Deployment Operations Yes Fielding Decision Yes Transition to Development ? Operations Maint Fix Infrastructure Mod Yes No Stop Shortfalls ? Integration Only ? Application Mod Yes No Plug & Play ? Yes Stop Try Again? Yes Shortfalls ? Stop No Stop System Engineering Processes Need to Have Enterprise Focus and Life Cycle Applicability A Program’s Engineering Scope

29. Mission Integration Acquisition & Development Operations & Support Concept Definition Enterprise Planning Development Planning Concept Planning O&S Planning Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority SoS Requirements and Ops Architecture Requirements Definition Concept Definition Mod Requirements Definition Version Planning Package Planning Mod Deployment Planning Experiment Planning Contracting Contracting Contracting Contracting Production/Deploy Integration Execution Mod Development Execution Development Execution Activity Execution Assessment & Certification Assessment & Certification Assessment & Certification Assessment Another Spiral Deployment Operations Yes Fielding Decision Yes Transition to Development ? Operations Maint Fix Infrastructure Mod Yes No Stop Shortfalls ? Integration Only ? Application Mod Yes No Plug & Play ? Yes Stop Try Again? Yes Shortfalls ? Stop No Stop Initial Processes Cut Across The Life Cycle Requirements Development & Management

30. Mission Integration Acquisition & Development Operations & Support Concept Definition Enterprise Planning Development Planning Concept Planning O&S Planning Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority SoS Requirements and Ops Architecture Requirements Definition Concept Definition Mod Requirements Definition Version Planning Package Planning Mod Deployment Planning Experiment Planning Contracting Contracting Contracting Contracting Production/Deploy Integration Execution Mod Development Execution Development Execution Activity Execution Assessment & Certification Assessment & Certification Assessment & Certification Assessment Another Spiral Deployment Operations Yes Fielding Decision Yes Transition to Development ? Operations Maint Fix Infrastructure Mod Yes No Stop Shortfalls ? Integration Only ? Application Mod Yes No Plug & Play ? Yes Stop Try Again? Yes Shortfalls ? Stop No Stop Initial Processes Cut Across The Life Cycle Risk Management

31. Directives, Constraints, Mission Shortfalls Standardization, Roadmaps Continuous Life Cycle Process Enterprise Integration Mission Area Planning Budgeting Priority Requirements Definition Requirements Development Decision Analysis and Resolution Contracting Activity Planning Supplier Agreement Management Project Planning Spiral Development Is the Cyclic Application of a Set of Standard Engineering Processes Over the Entire Life Cycle Until System Disposal Product Control Requirements Management Integrated Project Management Technical Solution Configuration Management Risk Management Product Integration Quality Assurance Project Monitoring and Control Causal Analysis and Resolution Technical Execution Program Management Assessment & Certification Deficiencies SOS Integration & Delivery Product Measurement Validation Products Verification and Analysis Outcome & Feedback Organizational Process Management Process Process Process Innovation and Quantitative Training Focus Definition Performance Deployment Mgmt Process Maturation

32. Stakeholders Relationships Stakeholder Relationships

33. System of System Demands • Spiral Development & EA • Constant Initiative Flow • Increased ACQTEMPO • Outsourced Workforce • Lifecycle Management • Impatient Customers • Acquisition Reform • “TSPR” Contracts • Experience Drain • Smaller SPOs • Smaller Force • Coalition Operations • Interoperable Systems • Increased OPSTEMPO • Changing Missions • Changing Threats • CONUS Based • Global Commitments Partnering & Shared Processes • Lean Logistics • Experience Drain • Technology Pace • Outsourced Work • COTS vs MILSPEC • Smaller Workforce • Just-In-Time Supply • Contractor Logistics Support • Increased “Command Support” • Fewer and Bigger • ID/IQ Contracts • Fewer New Starts • Out-sourced Work • View CMMI as Imperative Stakeholder Considerations in Today’s Environment 2000’s Interdependent Organizations Contractors Operations Acquisition • Sustainment

34.                                                              A B B C C FOC IOC System Development Production & Stakeholders Concept & & Demonstration Deployment Production & Technology Support FRP Development Decision Certification Congress Contractor Customer Deployment DOD Policy Acquisition Agency Experimentation Industry Legal / Contracting Service HQ & JCS Safety Sustainment Test Training User Spiral Development Involves the Same Set of Stakeholders in the Conduct of Standard Engineering Processes Over the Entire Life Cycle Until System Disposal Must be involved May be involved

35. Tailored CMMI Shared ResponsibilitiesRequires Sharing Process Notional* Allocation of Process Responsibility Project Management Project Planning (G) Project Monitoring and Control (S) Acquisition Strategy Supplier Agreement Management (G) and / or Integrated Project Management (S) Government (G) Life Cycle Phase Risk Management (S) [User, SPO, Test] Engineering "Shared Processes" How We Do Business Requirements Management (S) Conscious Requirements Development (G) Allocation Technical Solution (S) Product Integration (S) Product Verification (S) System Engineering Contractor (C) Validation (G) Execution Process Support Allocation Configuration Management (S) Process and Product Quality Assurance (C) Measurement and Analysis (S) Causal Analysis and Resolution (S) Shared (S) Decision Analysis and Resolution (S) Organizational Process Management Process Focus (S) Process Definition (S) Innovation and Deployment (S) Training (S) Core Group Infrastructure Process Performance (S) Responsibilities Quantitative Management (S) * Can be changed depending on business model or acquisition strategy

36. Mission Integration Acquisition & Development Operations & Support Concept Definition Enterprise Planning Development Planning Concept Planning O&S Planning Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Customer Contractor Acquisition Agency Experimentation Industry Legal/Contracting Safety Sustainment Test Training User Certification Contractor Deployment Experimentation Acquisition Agency Industry Service HQ & JCS Safety Sustainment Test Training User Congress Customer DOD Policy Acquisition Agency Experimentation Service HQ & JCS Safety User SoS Requirements and Ops Architecture Certification Congress Contractor Customer Deployment DOD Policy Experimentation Acquisition Agency Industry Legal/Contracting Service HQ & JCS Safety Sustainment Test Training User Requirements Definition Concept Definition Mod Requirements Definition Version Planning Package Planning Mod Deployment Planning Experiment Planning Contracting Contracting Contracting Contracting Production/Deploy Integration Execution Mod Development Execution Development Execution Activity Execution Assessment & Certification Assessment & Certification Assessment & Certification Assessment Another Spiral Deployment Operations Yes Fielding Decision Yes Transition to Development ? Operations Maint Fix Infrastructure Mod Yes No Stop Shortfalls ? Integration Only ? Application Mod Yes No Plug & Play ? Yes Stop Try Again? Yes Shortfalls ? Stop No Stop Stakeholders Cut Across The Life Cycle Requirements Process Stakeholders Evolve Over Life Cycle Requirements Development & Management Requirements Development & Management

37. Mission Integration Acquisition & Development Operations & Support Concept Definition Enterprise Planning Development Planning Concept Planning O&S Planning Certification Contractor Deployment Experimentation Acquisition Agency Industry Service HQ & JCS Safety Sustainment Test Training User Contractor Acquisition Agency Experimentation Industry Legal/Contracting Safety Sustainment Test Training User Congress Customer DOD Policy Acquisition Agency Experimentation Service HQ & JCS Safety User Congress Contractor Customer Deployment DOD Policy Experimentation Acquisition Agency Industry Legal/Contracting Service HQ & JCS Safety Sustainment Test Training User Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority Budgeting Priority SoS Requirements and Ops Architecture Requirements Definition Concept Definition Mod Requirements Definition Version Planning Package Planning Mod Deployment Planning Experiment Planning Contracting Contracting Contracting Contracting Production/Deploy Integration Execution Mod Development Execution Development Execution Activity Execution Assessment & Certification Assessment & Certification Assessment & Certification Assessment Another Spiral Deployment Operations Yes Fielding Decision Yes Transition to Development ? Operations Maint Fix Infrastructure Mod Yes No Stop Shortfalls ? Integration Only ? Application Mod Yes No Plug & Play ? Yes Stop Try Again? Yes Shortfalls ? Stop No Stop Stakeholders Cut Across The Life Cycle Risk Management Process Stakeholders Evolve Over Life Cycle Risk Management Risk Management

38. Stakeholders Relationships Architectures Life Cycle Business Model Conclusion I II Environment III IV

39. Conclusion Acquisition Environment • Acquisition Environment Challenge • Interdependent Organizations • Shared Responsibilities • Shared Data • Organizational Processes Today • Must Provide for Shared Data and • Responsibilities • How Does CMMI Help • Provides a Common Language • Developed by Both DoD and Industry • Used by Both DoD and Industry • Supports Process Sharing Environment EN CMMI-Based Processes Facilitate Shared Responsibilities

40. Architectures Conclusion Enterprise Architecture • Enterprise Architecture Challenge • Architecture Imposes Requirements Beyond a Program’s • Functional Capabilities • Architectures Constrain and Define • the Individual Program Approach • Need “Custom” C2 Enterprise • Integration Process • How Does CMMI Help • Provides for ESC “Custom” Process Area for Enterprise Integration • Explicitly Addresses Key up Front Project Processes • Accommodates Architecture Impacts on ESC Process Implementation • Provides for Key Processes for ESC/EN Execution of Chief Engineer • Function EN CMMI-Based Processes Accommodates Requirements Beyond the Product Function

41. Life Cycle Business Model Conclusion Life Cycle and Spiral • Life Cycle and Spiral Challenge • Ability to Accommodate All Four Life Cycle Phases • Running Concurrently • Accommodate A Complex Set of • Variables • System Engineering Processes Need • Enterprise Focus and Life Cycle • Applicability • How Does CMMI Help • Provides for a Cyclic Application of a Set of Standard • Engineering Processes Over the Entire Life Cycle Until • System Disposal EN CMMI-Based Processes Provide For Simultaneous Life-Cycle Phases - Including O&M

42. Stakeholders Relationships Conclusion Stakeholders • Life Cycle and Spiral Challenge • Interdependent Organizations Require Shared • Responsibilities • Shared Responsibilities Require • Shared Processes • Shared Processes Require Maximum • Stakeholder Involvement • How Does CMMI Help • Provides Common Processes That • Incorporate The Stakeholders Across the Life Cycle and • Insures That The Appropriate Stakeholders Are Involved • As Appropriate As the Program Spirals EN CMMI-Based Processes Provide For The Many External Stakeholders and Continuous Involvement

43. Acquisition Environment - Shared responsibilities • Enterprise Architecture • Life Cycle and Spiral • Stakeholders - External requirements beyond the product function - Simultaneous life-cycle phases - including O&M - Many external stakeholders - continuously involved Major ESC Life Cycle Challenges EN CMMI-Based Processes Address These Challenges

44. Like Today’s Life Cycle Context “Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted” A. Einstein

45. CMMI Process Areas

46. CMMI Based Process ImprovementProcess Life Cycle Context Engineering Process Area (Part 1of 2)

47. CMMI Based Process ImprovementProcess Life Cycle Context Engineering Process Area (Part 2of 2)

48. CMMI Based Process ImprovementProcess Life Cycle Context Project Management Process Area (Part 1of 2)

49. CMMI Based Process ImprovementProcess Life Cycle Context Project Management Process Area (Part 2of 2)

50. CMMI Based Process ImprovementProcess Life Cycle Context Support Process Area