1 / 24

PACOM Socio-Economic Challenges

PACOM Socio-Economic Challenges. TSDM 21 Source: NWC Faculty. India—Basic Facts. Population: 1.189 Billion Age structure (0-14 yrs) 187,450,635 males; 165,415,758 females Life expectancy at birth: 66.8 years

nell
Download Presentation

PACOM Socio-Economic Challenges

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. PACOM Socio-Economic Challenges TSDM 21 Source: NWC Faculty

  2. India—Basic Facts • Population: 1.189 Billion • Age structure (0-14 yrs) • 187,450,635 males; 165,415,758 females • Life expectancy at birth: 66.8 years • Head of Government: Prime Minister Manmohan SINGH; Chief of State: President Pratibha Devisingh PATIL • GDP (PPP basis): $4.060 trillion (compare with China [$10.090 trillion] United States [$14.660 trillion]) • GDP Real Growth Rate: 10.4% (2010 est.) • Labor force: 478.3 million • Labor force by occupation: • Agriculture: 52% • Industry: 14% • Services: 34% • Population below the poverty line: 25% • Public debt: 51.9% of GDP NWC/TSDM

  3. World’s Largest Economies: 8 are Located within the Asia-Pacific region India (5th Largest) *numbers are based on purchasing power parity and are 2010 year estimates; accessed from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html?countryName=India&countryCode=in&regionCode=sas&rank=5#in NWC/TSDM

  4. India: Mass Protests against Government Corruption (Jan 2011) NWC/TSDM

  5. Illegal Migration/Trans-border Crime Concerns: India builds border fence next to Bangladesh (Tripura) NWC/TSDM

  6. Kashmir: Key Flashpoint in South Asia NWC/TSDM

  7. Pakistani Helicopter patrols Line of Control (near Siachen)—in Pakistani-administered Kashmir NWC/TSDM

  8. ASEAN Basics (part 1) • The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was founded on August 8, 1967 • With adoption of the ASEAN Declaration in Bangkok, Thailand • Originally, ASEAN had 5 members (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) • Expanded to its current 10 (with addition of Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Laos, Burma and Cambodia) • “Formation of the organization reflected an attempt to forge independent foreign policies in the context of Cold War pressures.” • On February 24, 1976, ASEAN created the ASEAN Secretariat, located in Jakarta, Indonesia (headed by a Secretary-General, who serves a five-year term) NWC/TSDM

  9. ASEAN Basics (part 2) • The ASEAN Charter • The new ASEAN Charter went into effect on December 15, 2007, superseding the ASEAN Declaration; the Charter is effectively a constitution for ASEAN, committing the member states to create an “ASEAN Community in furtherance of peace, progress and prosperity of its peoples.” • Some new goals include: (1) maintenance of peace, stability and security in the region; (2) promotion of greater political, security, economic and socio-cultural cooperation; (3) preservation of SE Asia as an are free of weapons of mass destruction (including nuclear weapons); (4) creation of a just, democratic and harmonious environment in the region NWC/TSDM

  10. ASEAN Basics (part 3) • ASEAN has a number of subsidiary or associated groups, including: • ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) • Established in 1994, with 26 Asian and Pacific states (plus European Union): “to facilitate dialogue on political and security matters in the region” • ASEAN + 3 (APT) • Includes ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea; created in 1997 partly as response to Asian economic crisis, and partly as a way to balance northeast Asian power in the security dialogue process with ASEAN • East Asia Summit (EAS) • Created in 2005: includes ASEAN +3 members, plus Australia, New Zealand and India (Japan and other countries wanted the non-East Asian powers included to balance against China); also referred to as ASEAN + 6 • East Asian Community (EAC) • Still in the early, conceptual state: vision is to create an EU-style association of Asian nations. • APEC (separate but parallel organization to ASEAN) • APEC = Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation • APEC “works to facilitate economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region.” (It has 21 member countries, including many non-East Asian countries, including Peru, Chile, Mexico, United States, Russian Federation) • ASEAN is one of three official observers in APEC NWC/TSDM

  11. How the Economic Crisis (97/98) significantly changed China’s geopolitical position in Asia • China refrained from devaluing its currency (which helped contain the crisis) • China’s credentials as a “responsible rising power” were strengthened • China was able to shape the creation of the ASEAN + 3 (APT) framework Shenzhen Container Port NWC/TSDM

  12. ASEAN + 3 (China, Japan, S. Korea), known as “APT” • The APT was established in 1997 (during economic crisis); includes ASEAN members + China, Japan, S. Korea • Designed to foster cooperation in 20 areas, ranging from security issues, to transnational crime, tourism, health, environment, science and technology • http://www.aseansec.org/19105.htm • ASEAN and China have signed 5 documents in the political/security field (including on subjects such as South China Sea and nontraditional security) • China wants to create free trade zone within APT framework, while Japan wants to expand number of countries NWC/TSDM

  13. East Asian Summit (EAS) • Designed to foster exchange of views on regional political and economic issues • First EAS was held on 14 December 2005 • East Asian Summit could provide the framework for future East Asian Community • In addition to APT, EAS includes India, Australia and New Zealand (believed to have been included to ‘balance’ Chinese power); 2011: US and Russia will join (or have been invited) • China’s view: multilateral institutions in SE Asia can advance Beijing’s foreign policy interests (not viewed any longer as constraint to PRC power) NWC/TSDM

  14. Where is terrorism in Asia?* (It may not be where you think) *Data covers time period 1/1/10 to 12/31/10; data source: National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) database: https://wits.nctc.gov/FederalDiscoverWITS/index.do?N=0 NWC/TSDM

  15. Thailand’s Insurgency in the South • Limited mainly to 3 provinces: Yala, Pattani and Narathiwat (near Thai-Malaysia border) • Thailand annexed the 3 provinces in 1902, although people are Muslim and speak Malay dialect • More than 4,300 people have died (since 2004) NWC/TSDM

  16. Insurgency in Southern Philippines Key groups: • Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) • Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) • Abu Sayyaf • New People’s Army NWC/TSDM MILF members

  17. Violence in Xinjiang (China)(burned bus in 5 July 2009 riots) NWC/TSDM

  18. Maoist Insurgency in India NWC/TSDM

  19. China is Emerging as the Most Significant Player in Global Energy Markets Source: International Energy Outlook 2010, Dept of Energy, Energy Information Agency NWC/TSDM

  20. China’s SLOC Dilemma • “马六甲海峡是中国海上石油生命线, 它与中国经济安全息息想关” – […the Malacca Strait is China’s maritime oil lifeline, for China’s economic security it is akin to breathing itself.] – XDJC, December 2004 • “当前国内进口石油的95%要通过海运, 其中80%要经过马六甲海峡 ... 马六甲...易于封锁.. 但中国海军却鞭长莫及, 一旦发生以外, 将给中国的能源安全造成极大危害...” -- [Currently, 95% of China's oil imports are transported by sea; of this, 80% transit the Malacca Strait. This strait is easy to blockade ... but [ this mission] is beyond the power of China's Navy, so that if this occurs, then China's resource security will be gravely compromised.] – JZWQ, June 2006 NWC/TSDM

  21. NWC/TSDM

  22. NWC/TSDM

  23. NWC/TSDM

  24. NWC/TSDM

More Related