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Trait Perspective

Trait Perspective. The Self-Serving Bias. A readiness to perceive oneself favorably. People accept responsibility for good deeds more often than for bad. People see themselves as better than average. Self-Presentation Theory. Individualism vs. Collectivism.

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Trait Perspective

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  1. Trait Perspective

  2. The Self-Serving Bias • A readiness to perceive oneself favorably. People accept responsibility for good deeds more often than for bad People see themselves as better than average Self-Presentation Theory

  3. Individualism vs. Collectivism • Individualism: Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s personal attributes rather than group identifications (Independence) • Collectivism: Giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly (Interdependence)

  4. Value Contrasts Between Individualism and Collectivism: Page 413

  5. Take out your books! • Open to page 406 • Answer questions 9-13

  6. Follow the directions! • You will see pictures of 3 different men. • On a piece of paper please respond to the following questions/prompts. • Choose a name for the person in the picture. • Create a list of 5 personality traits you think may be used to describe the man in the picture. • What kind of job might this many have?

  7. Name and describe this man

  8. Name and describe this man

  9. Name and describe this man

  10. William Sheldon-Somatotypes

  11. William Sheldon-Somatotypes

  12. William Sheldon- Somatotypes

  13. William Sheldon-Somatotypes • 1940s’s study of 4,000 college aged men • Developed a theory that there are three basic body types, or somatotypes • Endoderm • Mesoderm • Ectoderm • There is a correlation between physique and temperament • Does this idea seem plausible? • Does body type dictate temperament? • To what extent does body type influence personality development, if at all?

  14. Trait Theory • Focuses on identifying and measuring personality characteristics. • How many traits are there? • In the 1930’s there were 4,500 traits in 1990 it has been reduced to 5. • Traits are relatively stable characteristics that causes individuals to behave in certain ways. • Focuses on differencesbetween individuals.

  15. Gordon Allport’s Trait TheoryCardinal, Central, & Secondary • Allport categorized traits. • Cardinal • Traits that dominate an individuals whole life. • Consider the origins of the following terms • Freudian, Don Juan, Christ-like • Rare and tend to develop later in life.

  16. Gordon Allport’s Trait TheoryCardinal, Central, & Secondary • Central Traits: The general characteristics that form the basic foundations of personality. • Major characteristics you might use to describe another person.

  17. Gordon Allport’s Trait TheoryCardinal, Central, & Secondary • Secondary Traits: Traits that are sometimes related to attitudes or preferences • Often appear only in certain situations or under specific circumstances.

  18. Personality Not Included What are the 5 main traits that make up personality?

  19. Activity! • Handout 18-6 • Reverse scores • 1=5 • 2=4 • 3=3 • 4=2 • 5=1

  20. Five-Factor Model (Big 5) OCEAN Mnemonic device • Organizes all personality traits into 5 categories.

  21. Five-Factor Model (Big 5) OCEAN Mnemonic device

  22. Five-Factor Model (Big 5) OCEAN Mnemonic device • Add numbers for 1, 7, 13, 19, 33, 39, 46, 49, 53

  23. Five-Factor Model (Big 5)OCEAN Mnemonic device • Add numbers for 2, 8, 15, 25, 28, 34, 40, 45, 51

  24. Five-Factor Model (Big 5)OCEAN Mnemonic Device

  25. Big 5 Model Raises 3 Issues • Is our behavior stable and consistent? • PERSON –SITUATION CONTROVERSY • Personality traits are both changeable and stable. • Most change occurs before age 30 • Most stability occurs after age 30, but adults do continue to grow in their ideas, beliefs & attitudes. • Genetic Factors may push and pull the development of certain traits, whose development may be helped or hindered by environmental factors.

  26. Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck

  27. Take out your books! • Open to page 406 • Answer questions 9-13 • Correct Answers: • 9. c • 10. b • 11. c • 12. c • 13. c

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