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TRAIT PERSPECTIVE

TRAIT PERSPECTIVE. What is the trait perspective?. We can define personality by people’s stable characteristics (traits.) Trait – a characteristic pattern of behavior Trait theorists believe that these traits remain the same even with a change of environment or situation .

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TRAIT PERSPECTIVE

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  1. TRAIT PERSPECTIVE

  2. What is the trait perspective? • We can define personality by people’s stable characteristics (traits.) • Trait – a characteristic pattern of behavior • Trait theorists believe that these traits remain the same even with a change of environment or situation. • Q What would be a main criticism of this perspective?

  3. Nomothetic Approach • Nomothetic Approach – the same set of traits can be used to describe all people • Ex. 16 PF, Myers Briggs, Eyesenck, OCEAN

  4. Hans Eyesenck • There are two sets of traits that describe personality: • Introversion/Extroversion • Stable/Unstable

  5. Raymond Cattell • 16 PF (Personality Factor) test • Warmth • Reasoning • Emotional Stability • Dominance • Liveliness • Rule-Consciousness • Social Boldness • Sensitivity You do not have to remember all of these • Vigilance • Abstractedness • Privateness • Apprehensiveness • Openness to Change • Self-Reliance • Perfectionism • Tension

  6. OCEAN • OCEAN – The Big Five Personality Traits • Openness to experience – curious, artistic, intellectual, imaginative • Conscientiousness – reliable, dependable, organized, productive • Extraversion – assertive, outgoing, expressive, energetic • Agreeableness – kind, considerate, generous, forgiving • Neuroticism (instability) – anxious, impulsive, tense, unstable • Q Think of 2 people that you can very opposite in personality and you probably can fit them in these categories • VIDEO-The Big 5 Personality Traits

  7. Myers-Briggs • Taken from Carl Jung’s ideas, Isabel Briggs Myers and Kathleen Briggs developed a 126 question personality inventory to reveal 16 personality types.

  8. Myers - Briggs • Favorite world: Do you prefer to focus on the outer world or on your own inner world? • This is called Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I). • Information: Do you prefer to focus on the basic information you take in or do you prefer to interpret and add meaning? • This is called Sensing (S) or Intuition (N). • Decisions: When making decisions, do you prefer to first look at logic and consistency or first look at the people and special circumstances? • This is called Thinking (T) or Feeling (F). • Structure: In dealing with the outside world, do you prefer to get things decided or do you prefer to stay open to new information and options? • This is called Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)

  9. What type are you? • According to Myers and Briggs one type is not better than another type – the goal of the test is to simply recognize our differences. • Discover Your Personality Type | Myers Briggs

  10. MMPI • MMPI – Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory • Developed by Starke Hathaway • Most widely research and clinically used personality test • Originally developed to detect emotional disorders • The MMPI is not a projective test (subjective and depends on interpretation) rather it has test items that have been empirically derived. • Self-tests are the most used personality tests

  11. Remember factor analysis? • Factor analysis has allowed theorists to groups the traits together. • (Remember “s” and “g” factors?)

  12. Idiographic Approach • Idiographic Approach – you cannot describe all personalities from a set of traits.

  13. An idiographic approach to personality … • Gordon Allport – we need to examine each individual and consider their personal traits. • There are three types of personal traits • Cardinal dispositions – traits that have a critical role in your personality • Central dispositions – easily detected personality traits that have a greater impact on your personality than secondary traits • Secondary dispositions – traits that have a small impact on your personality

  14. Criticism of the trait perspective • Trait theorists believe that your personality traits always describe you. The situation would not affect your personality, according to trait theorists • Review of Trait Perspective Human Experience video. Disc 2 number 29

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