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CHANGES OVER TIME

Essential Question: What allows some populations of organisms to change and survive while others cannot?. CHANGES OVER TIME. Theory of Evolution. What is a theory ?. Ideas that are formulated to explain certain observations. Darwin’s Observations. Diversity of living things

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CHANGES OVER TIME

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  1. Essential Question: What allows some populations of organisms to change and survive while others cannot? CHANGES OVER TIME

  2. Theory of Evolution

  3. What is a theory? • Ideas that are formulated to explain certain observations

  4. Darwin’s Observations • Diversity of living things • Fossils of Ancient Organisms • Characteristics of organisms on the Galapagos Islands • Darwin’s Finches

  5. Darwin’s Theory • Darwin argued that species have evolved or change over time • Animals with the ability to adapt have a competitive advantage and will survive better - a process he called natural selection

  6. Over time… • New species can emerge • Development of specialized adaptations

  7. Natural Selection • A process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce • Factors that affect natural selection

  8. Variation • Any difference between individuals of the same species

  9. Darwin’s Finches

  10. Adaptation • A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

  11. Charles Darwin • 1809 - 1882 • Naturalist • HMS Beagle (1831) • Published his controversial theory of evolution in his 1859 book On The Origin of the Species http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Evolution/darwin/darwinbyrichmond.jpg

  12. http://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_hoppers/Phasmatidae.htmhttp://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_hoppers/Phasmatidae.htm BioDiversity http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/Photography/Images/POD/w/walking-stick-nichols-479147-sw.jpg • Differences or variations within organisms • More than 1.7 million species of organisms on earth • Species: a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring http://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_hoppers/Phasmatidae.htm

  13. Fossils • Preserved remains or traces of an organism Darwin saw similarities in structure of fossils and organisms living today http://imagecache6.allposters.com/LRG/21/2173/YWLCD00Z.jpg http://www.valdosta.edu/~makay/fish%20fossil.jpg

  14. Factors that Affect Natural Selection • Overproduction • Not enough resources (food, water, and living space) • Variations • Any difference between individuals from the same species • Competition • Members of a species must compete with each other to survive • Selection • Organisms that survive to become adults will be able to reproduce. Unfavorable ones will die off and disappear • Environmental Change • Change in the environment that can affect an organism’s ability to survive

  15. Evolution • Changes over time

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