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‘Mom is cooking, what is Daddy doing?’ Gender in Hungarian Education. Kereszty, Orsolya and Rédai, Dorottya. Introduction. Gender in Educational and Political Discourse Hungarian academia NGO educational programs. Introduction. No gender-sensitive research in education No available data
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‘Mom is cooking, what is Daddy doing?’ Gender in Hungarian Education Kereszty, Orsolya and Rédai, Dorottya
Introduction • Gender in Educational and Political Discourse • Hungarian academia • NGO educational programs
Introduction • No gender-sensitive research in education • No available data • No gender awareness
Gender in Educational and Political Discourse • Education is highly politicised • No long-term programs • Low gender-awareness of decision-makers
Gender Issues in the Curriculum • Curriculum reform continued since mid-1980s • National Core Curriculum (NCC) – political battlefield • NCC – less and less gender in the revised versions • NCC 2003 – gender equality listed among basic guiding principles – NGO expert pressure
Textbooks • Power → Legitimate knowledge • Gender socialization • Knowledge and skills • Mediate
Gender in Textbooks • The norm: boys’ experiences • The different/‘others’: girls’ experiences • Invisibility • Stereotypical and strict activities and spaces • The ‘family’ as evident • ‘Alternative examples’
Textbook accreditation • Not mandatory but necessary for ministerial recommendation of the textbook • Gender equality among general criteria • No expert appointed to examine general criteria • No impact of expert negotiations
Hungarian Academia • The gender perspective • The integration of Women’s/Gender Studies • Hostile and rejective environment • Individual initiatives • Teacher training
Teacher Training • Teaching: "feminized" profession ↔ no women’s perspectives • Gender courses by individual professors • School hierarchies → structural changes cannot be done by individual teachers
Case study: ‘The separate discussion of Gender History is completely useless’ • ‘Structures and Standards of Initial Training for History Tecahers in Europe’ • Not part of initial training • Some gender-sensitive materials • Individual contributions • Informal and formal networks
Case study: Equal Opportunities at Miskolc University • Vertical segregation • Horizontal segregation • Glass ceiling • Pyramidal hierarchy • No women in top decision-making
Case study: Equal Opportunities at Miskolc University Transformative model of gender equity • Access • Inclusion • Climate • Promotion • Empowerment
Case study: Equal Opportunities at Miskolc University • Indirect gender discrimination • Horizontal and vertical segregation • Glass ceiling • Sexual harassment • Low level of gender awareness • lack of institutional commitment to equal opportunities and equity
NGOs • IGEN - Feminist Open University • IGEN - ‘Developing complex skills with the help of understanding and applying the concepts of gender equality, plurality of values, and tolerance’ • IGEN - Who makes the news? • Labrisz Lesbian Association • FIONA - Foundation for Young Women • NANE - Women Together Against Violence