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Wind Energy Penetration in Islands: Limitations and Prospects

Wind Energy Penetration in Islands: Limitations and Prospects N. Hatziargyriou S. Papathanassiou, T. Chaviaropoulos, I. Tsipouridis NTUA CRES PPC. Island Systems. RES in Greece (1). RES in Greece (2).

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Wind Energy Penetration in Islands: Limitations and Prospects

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  1. Wind Energy Penetration in Islands: Limitations and Prospects N. Hatziargyriou S. Papathanassiou, T. Chaviaropoulos, I. Tsipouridis NTUA CRES PPC European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  2. Island Systems European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  3. RES in Greece (1) European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  4. RES in Greece (2) European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  5. Kythnos Island • Small isolated Power system –2MW. • 11% Annual RES penetration –Wind & PV • Up to 100% instantaneous RES Penetration European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  6. Kythnos Power System-today European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  7. Crete Island • Largest isolated power system in Greece • 3 Power Stations (Chania,Linoperamata,Atherinolakos)-26 thermal units, Peak 540 MW(2004), • 87.1MW Wind capacity-Wind power penetration 10% European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  8. Crete System Single-Line Diagram European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  9. W/F Production 1993-2000 [KWh] European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  10. Penetration during the day of max. inst. output ( Dec.28.2000) European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  11. Rokas W/F output (13 May 1998) European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  12. Rokas W/F output ( 20 May 1998 ) European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  13. Frequency and production due to Gas Turbine Outage European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  14. Summary of Experience from Wind Power Penetration in Crete • High efficiencies (Capacity Factor in 2000:37,33%) • Stable output but with serious exceptions • Normal Voltage fluctuation at connecting W/F bus • Higher yields during summer months but lower,or zero, at evening peaks • No problem for Flicker or Harmonics • Economical considerations. European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  15. Large Scale Penetration of Increased Wind Power in Island Systems • Wind Power - Intermittent Power Source • Wind Power – partly non-controllable Effects • Operation with increased uncertainty, requirements for reliable short-term forecasts of renewable source production. • Effects on power system security both steady-state and dynamic, inability of conventional directly coupled Wind Turbines to provide ancillary services, requirements for on-line security assessment. • Effects on economic operation • Power Quality ??? European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  16. Fault Ride-Through Capability • Modern WG are required to remain connected during a fault • Various standards for voltage dips to be sustained Frequency Requirements? European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  17. CARE&MORE CARE EC Projects: Advanced Control Advice for Power Systems with Large-Scale Integration of RESJOULE JOR3-CT96-0119 & ENERGIE ERK5-CT1999-00019 • Minimise production costs through unit commitment and on-line economic dispatch of both conventional and RES also considering market and increased security. • Provide short-term forecasts of load and wind for short-term (0-8 hr) and medium-term horizon (4-48 hrs). • Maximise power system security by on-line security assessment modules, that supervise scheduling of the power units and monitor the system security margin. Also provide corrective control actions. European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  18. The CARE System Architecture European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  19. Execution Cycles of MORE CARE For Crete H=48 hrs, h=4 hrs, t1=1 hr, t2=20 min European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  20. Wind Parks Loads Current Production Economic Dispatch Current System Operation and Economic Dispatch European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  21. Economic Appraisal of Wind Power Forecasting • Off-line execution of Economic Scheduling functions assuming: • Spinning Reserve at least equal to wind power – no wind power forecasting • Spinning reserve at least equal to 50% of wind power – 50% maximum forecasting error • Spinning reserve at least equal to 20% of wind power to face very short wind fluctuations – very advanced WF with 20% maximum forecasting error. • Evaluation of economic impacts European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  22. Economic Appraisal of Wind Power Forecasting - Results More accurate wind power forecasting reduces operating costs as follows: • Monthly cost savings with thermal spinning reserve equal to 50% of wind power 1.8-3.5% (163-480 kEuro) • Monthly cost savings with thermal spinning reserve equal to 20% of wind power 2.3-5.3% (217-758 kEuro) European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  23. Economic Scheduling Evaluation • Unit Commitment Average gain 3.1% • Economic Dispatch Average gain 1.7% European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  24. Economic Scheduling Evaluation Relative gain provided by GA Economic Scheduling Functions European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  25. Dynamic Security Evaluation Actual Operation Proposed Operation European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  26. Short term flicker (Pst) at W/P bus of Sitia S/S ( 12 Aug. 1998 ) European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  27. Long term flicker (Plt) at W/F bus of Sitia S/S ( 12 aug. 1998 ) European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  28. PROJECT:Integration of Wind Turbines into Electricity Supply Networks with Limited Power Transportation Capacity –Wiring (JOR3-CT98-0245) Electrical network of the Greek island Samos VESTAS WINDMATIC NEG MICON NEG MICON European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  29. Frequency behaviour of the island grid of Samos during one week European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  30. Diesel generator production during 13 days European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  31. The measurement campaign gave some unexpected results: • Most important is the fact that the voltages are highly distorted in the flicker producing frequency region, due to firing harmonics of the power station diesel engines. This background distortion is large enough to completely mask the effect of the flicker emitted by the WTs. The connection of the WTs leaves more or less unaffected the overall flicker levels, and in certain cases even reduces them. • The effect of the Vestas wind turbines on the frequency spectrum of voltage and power at the diesel power station was investigated. The same spectrum of voltages occurs with and without the wind turbines. European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  32. Voltage PSD before cut-in of WTs Voltage PSD after cut-in of WTs Firing of diesel engines European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

  33. CONCLUSIONS • Wind power installations in islands provide economical benefits compared to diesel • Increased requirements for robust Wind Turbines equipped with Low Voltage Ride Through capabilities and able to withstand frequency varaitions • Need for advanced control systems to deal with optimal operation and management of power systems with large integration from wind power. • Application of the MORE CARE control software on Crete has shown clear economic gains and timely warning for more secure operation. • Flicker levels do not seem to be affected by the operation of WTs. European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, EWEC2006, 27 Febr-2 March 2006, Athens

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