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The Role and Importance of Energy Statistics

Pierre Boileau Head of non-OECD Energy Statistics Section Energy Statistics Division. The Role and Importance of Energy Statistics. Energy Statistics Workshop: Achievements and future challenges Beijing, China, 24 September 2012. Energy = Ability to do useful work. Definition of Energy.

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The Role and Importance of Energy Statistics

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  1. Pierre BoileauHead of non-OECD Energy Statistics Section Energy Statistics Division The Role and Importance of Energy Statistics Energy Statistics Workshop: Achievements and future challengesBeijing, China, 24 September 2012

  2. Energy = Ability to do useful work Definition of Energy What is Energy?

  3. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed Law of Conservation of Energy The total amount of energy in a system remains constant over time

  4. Households: electricity consumption of houses, heating bills, mileage of cars, Any socio-economic category needs statistics to operate. This is also true for energy statistics A few examples: Utility XYZ

  5. Company managers Energy bills, consumption/tonne, where to save Even truer for energy companies Refinery: throughputs, stocks Electricity generation: fuel input, electricity production Any socio-economic category needs statistics to operate. This is also true for energy statistics A few examples:

  6. IEA Member countries have an obligation to hold 90 days of stocks (net imports/consumption) Need reliable and timely data on imports, consumption and stocks OPEC Member countries:production vs quota Need reliable and timely data on production EU Member countries: obligation to have a minimum share of electricity consumption coming from renewables Need reliable data on renewables Annex 1 countries to the Conference of Parties: respect of the engagement they have ratified when signing the Kyoto Protocol (70% to 80% of GHG come from fuel combustion) Need reliable data on both supply and demand Importance of energy statistics for policy makers

  7. Energy data layout: tracking products and flows Industry Transport Other final consumption Non-energy use Electricity and heat output Energy Balance Supply Comparable informationfor all products Transformation and energy industries own use Comparable energy units (Mtoe) Final consumption Shows how energy flows through the economy Over 50 energy flows also defined as economic sectors

  8. Energy data layout: like a financial balance sheet Industry Transport Other final consumption Non-energy use Electricity and heat output Energy Balance Supply Income Transformation and energy industries own use Purchases/Sales Overhead Final consumption Losses Expenses

  9. High quality energy statistics are the key to sound policy analysis Energy Security Monthly Oil Survey July 2004 www.iea.org Oil Market Analysis ORGANISATION FOR UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION OF THE ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION STATISTICAL DIVISION EUROPEAN AND DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITIES INTERNATIONAL ENERGY ECONOMIC COMMISSION EUROSTAT AGENCY FOR EUROPE COMMITTEE FOR STATISTICAL DIVISION ENERGY UNIT ENERGY POLICY (QUEST/OIL/1/Rev.1) 25th Attached is the annual questionnaire which provides for the submission of 2000 data and a revision of 1999 data where applicable. Administrations are requested to complete the questionnaire at the latest 31 October 2001 . However, if data are available earlier, please do not hesitate to send your questionnaire to the Head of Division, Energy Statistics, Combined Energy Staff, OECD, who will forward the data to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (Geneva). In addition, Member States of the European Union and Candidate Countries are requested to transmit the completed questionnaire to Eurostat, Head of Unit, Energy Statistics, Bâtiment Jean Monnet, Plateau du Kirschberg, L-2920, Luxembourg. 25th-1st GlobalDatabase National Administrations MODS M O S M-2 J O D I M-1 M-2

  10. Energy Statistics The “Heart” of the good analysis ENERGY MARKETS AND SECURITY Energy Data Centre SUSTAINABLE ENERGY POLICY & TECHNOLOGY CHIEF ECONOMIST GLOBAL ENERGY DIALOGUE

  11. But, in early 2000’s quality of energy statistics was deteriorating • Completeness • More and more data are estimated • More and more data are missing and/or confidential • Less and less details, more aggregation (CHP, main activity producers vs. autoproducers, …) • Quality • Efficiency of power plants > 100% • Subtotals do not add up to totals • Large statistical difference (>20%) • Breaks in time series - no revisions in time series • “Other sectors” often used as a balancing item • Timeliness • More and more time to collect, process, check and release data

  12. The reasons for decreasing data quality New developments make the tasks of statisticians much harder • Liberalisation of the market • From one company to hundreds • Confidentiality (linked to liberalisation) • More work passed to statistics offices: • More companies to survey (liberalisation) • Renewables (remote information) • Energy efficiency indicators (including socio-economic data) • Environment (estimation of GHG emissions, ….) • Resources do not follow work load • Statistics still have a low profile, budget cuts • Fast turnover in staff: lack of experience, continuity

  13. Not only a lack of resources… UN 1995 1996 1997 1998 APEC 2653 2903 3087 3134 IEA 2741 2872 3062 3109 OLADE 2722 2969 3022 3070 OPEC 2618 2858 3022 3071 3250 UN 2977 3166 2834 Crude Oil Production for Mexico (in kbd) also a lack of harmonization and co-operation An obvious need to react at all levels Secretaria de Energía Mexico 5% gap

  14. Organisations started to react • At the political level: • Several presentations on the situation at the IEA Governing Board • Transparency and statistics were also high on the agenda of the Ministerial Meeting in May 2005 • At the technical level: • Release of an Energy Statistics Manual (together with Eurostat) • Training of statisticians from Member / Non-Member countries • A series of meetings with Member countries Recognition/Commitment/Resources Expertise/Recognition/Commitment Creation of the OCG and the InterEnerStat

  15. The momentum was there….. IEA in consultation with UNSD decided to hold the 1st InterEnerStat meeting (Nov. 2005) • Objectives: • To hear from each organisation what they do, what are their problems and their expectation for more co-operation • To pave the way for more harmonization and for strengthening bilateral and international co-operation • Participants: • 24 major regional and international organisations. Both data providers (IEA, UNSD, OPEC, Eurostat, FAO) and users (WB, IMF, UNFCCC,…)

  16. Two Clear Requests Harmonisation • Methodologies • Definitions • Units • Conversion factors • Harmonised demands and questionnaires • Handbooks and manuals • Training • Quality framework Co-operation • Raising political awareness • Harmonisation • Joint Questionnaires • Joint Training • Common manuals • Joint quality assessment • Exchange of data

  17. Harmonisation: first step was to collect from each organisation its own set of definitions UN OAPEC WORLD BANK OPEC FAO The 2nd step was to assemble them in a transparent way easy to access

  18. Website presented at InterEnerStat 2 (Nov 2007)

  19. From InterEnerStat 2 to InterEnerStat 3 • An expert was contracted to: • Look at flows and products • Highlight similarities and differences • Propose a “compromise” definition for each flow/product

  20. 3rd and 4th InterEnerStat meetings(Oct 2008 and Nov 2009) • Expert provided first draft report for harmonised definitions • Discussions with international organisations • A series of decisions adopted • Decisions translated into revised definitions

  21. Where is InterEnerStat now? • By the end of 2010 all the minor outstanding points were agreed between groups working on InterEnerStat, OCG and IRES. • These definitions will be guidelines to help organisations to arrive to a common understanding of what is a covered by a particular flow or a particular product. • Definitions have been used in the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics manual of the UNSD, which was approved by the Statistical Commission in February 2011… So, what next ?

  22. 1. One questionnaire: dream or reality ? UN OAPEC OPEC   FAO AFREC ?   

  23. 2. Provide better manuals The Joint IEA/Eurostat Energy Statistics Manual (now available in 10 languages) Manual on Energy Statistics for Energy Efficiency Indicators Arabic Farsi The IRES Manual (UNSD and Oslo City Group) (in cooperation with many organisations and countries) The Manual on Energy Statistics for Energy Efficiency Indicators (IEA, ODYSSEE, others)

  24. 3. Joint trainings for energy statisticians Examples of recently conducted training sessions: • Indonesia (in Paris, Nov. 2011) • Azerbaijan (in Baku, Sept. 2011) • IEA training centre (in Paris, Mar. and Oct. each year) • El Salvador (Nov. 2011 for Central American countries) • South Africa (in Johannesburg) • Energy Community (in Paris) • Chinese secondees (11 over 3 years) The MEDSTAT programme Regular training for APEC economies (i.e. Bangkok) Several training sessions including on line training

  25. A few words to conclude • Harmonisation will not happen overnight. It needs time, effort, resources and commitment. • The first results have been published that establish the basis for moving further harmonisation forward. • Underlying principle: evolution not revolution. The main objective is to support energy policy and energy analysis. Thank you

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