Unit 7 Cultural relics

1. Unit 7 Cultural relics Warming up Goals Talk about culture relics Talk about ways to protect culture relics Give advice and make suggestions Use the Present Perfect Passive Voice Write a letter to the editor Speaking Reading Language study Integrating skills

2. Warming up What do you know about the places? Which one would you like to visit? Why? The Great Wall Stonehenge The Pyramids in Egypt

3. Stonehenge is a circle of large standing stones located near Salisbury(索尔兹伯里--津巴布韦首都),in Wiltshire(威尔特郡), England. People began building the site about 3100 BC and the construction continued in stages until about 1500BC. It is not clear who built Stonehenge. There are many legends and myths about Stonehenge. It was once believed that Stonehenge was built by the Druids (ancient priest), but the druids were active at a time when the stones had already been in place for 2,000 years. Some believe that the site was used by early astronomers and others suggest that the site was used as a burial ground for important people.Because of the size of the stones, the complexity of their arrangement and the efforts that must have gone in to its construction, it is reasonable to assume that the site was built to serve some significant purpose.

4. 【自然概况】 长城是中国也是世界上修建时间最长、工程量最大的一项古代防御工程。自公元前 七八世纪开始，延续不断修筑了2000多年，分布于中国北部和中部的广大土地上，总计 长度达50000多千米，被称之 为“上下两千多年，纵横十万余里”。如此浩大的工程不仅 在中国就是在世界上，也是绝无仅有的，因而在几百年前就与罗马斗兽场、比萨斜塔等列 为中古世界七大奇迹之一。

5. Egyptian Pyramids 1.What were the purposes of building thesepyramids? 2. What are the differences in their shapes? 3. What are there inside the pyramids? 4. What kinds of environment are they in?

6. A pyramid is a very large building with four sides. Each side is like a triangle(三角形)and the four sides merge to form a single point on top. Pyramids were built in many parts of the world, but the most famous is situated in Egypt. More than four thousand years ago, and Egyptian pharaoh (法老王), or king, named Zoser had the first pyramid built. The Indians of Central America and Mexico also built pyramids. These pyramids, however, have flat (平的) tops. They also have steps on the side. The Pyramid of the Sun near Mexico City is larger at the base than any Egyptian pyramid. The tallest pyramid in the Western Hemisphere (半球) is situated near Tikal, Guatemala(危地马拉). It was a burial tomb for him when he died. Up to this time, upon death most Egyptians were buried in small tombs called mastabas. Zose's step Pyramid near Cairo was the world's first all-stone structure. more BACK

7. There are ten pyramids at Giza, including three of the largest and best preserved (保护,保存) of all Egyptian pyramids.  Each pyramid was built to protect the body of Egyptian king. The Egyptians believed that the person's body had to be preserved and protected so the soul could live for ever.  For this reason, they mummified (使成木乃伊) their dead, meaning they embalmed (涂香油于(尸体)) and dried them, and hid mummies in large tombs. From about 2700 to 1700 BC. the bodies of Egyptian kings were buried inside or beneath (在...之下) the pyramids in a secret chamber (寝室,房间) that was filled with treasures and gold and precious (贵重的) subjects. Thepyramids at Giza were built for kings from about 2600 to 2500 BC.  The largest was built for King Khufu, the second was built for King Khafre, and the third for King Menkure.

8. Mayan(玛雅人的) pyramids The Temple of the Magician, a huge pyramid, is one of the best-preserved ruins (遗迹) at Uxmal in the Yucatan Peninsula (尤卡坦半岛). Tikal, largest of the ancient Mayan (玛雅人的)cities, has ruins of temples, palaces, and pyramids covering more than 1 square mile (2.6 square kilometers). The pyramid-shaped Temple of Inscriptions at Palenque, Chiapas (恰帕斯(墨西哥南部一州)), is one of the best preserved of the Mayan ruins.

9. Speaking Your job is to make a culture capsule. This capsule is a large box(about 2*2 meters). It will be sent into space so that anyone who finds it will understand who we are. Work in pairs to prepare a “Chinese Capsule”. You can select 5 things that represent Chinese culture, but you can not put any living things in it. You may also include a short message (two sentences) in any language in the box, but remember that those who find the capsule may not understand your language.

10. hint hint PRRE-READING • Discuss these questions with your partner • Some cities, like Paris and Beijing, are called great • cities of the world. In your opinion, what makes a city great? • What are your favorite cities ? Why? (weather, culture, people,food, etc.) • What cultural relics are there in the place where you live? • How important are they?

11. long history lots of culture relics the capital of the country a great city something important once took place there produces many great people a large population

12. Why the culture relics are important? • They tell us who our ancestors were and what their life was like? • They show the development of human civilization. • They help us better understand who we are and where we are from. • … • China has spent a lot of money on the protection of culture relics. As a result, a large number of culture relics have been saved from destruction.

13. 东正教堂 圣彼得堡市涅瓦河岸的著名古建筑彼得保罗塞

14. 冬宫亚历山大柱顶的塑像 这是穿城而过的涅瓦河。 这是位于圣彼得堡远郊的彼得大帝夏宫，它外貌简朴端庄，内部装饰华贵。当年彼得大帝住在一楼，皇后叶卡捷琳娜住在二楼。夏宫现为博物馆。圣彼得堡市内建有50多所博物馆，有“博物馆城”之称。

15. 这座历史名城由彼得大帝始建于１７０３年，故称圣彼得堡，１９１４年改名彼得格勒 (Petergrad)。１９２４年１月列宁逝世后改称列宁格勒 (Leningrad)。１９９１年１２月苏联解体后，这座城市恢复了它的原名──圣彼得堡。 圣彼得堡曾为俄罗斯的首都长达两个世纪，在俄历史上起过极其重要的作用。１９１７年的二月革命和十月革命均在此城发生。在伟大的卫国战争年代，这座城市经受住了德国法西斯军队９００天的围困，被后人称为英雄城。 圣彼得堡(Saint Petersburg) 是俄罗斯联邦第二大城市，位于波罗的海芬兰湾东端的涅瓦河三角州。历史上是俄罗斯政治、经济和文化中心，素有俄北方首都之称。现有人口约５００万（２００３年５月）。整座城市由４０多个岛屿组成，市内水道纵横，７００多座桥梁把各个岛屿连接起来。风光旖旎，有“北方威尼斯”之称。圣彼得堡因其地处北纬６０度，仲夏时节，日照近２０个小时，落日余辉久久映照天际，在短暂的黄昏之后，又开始出现晨曦朝霞，刚落下的红日再次冉冉升起，这就是每年初夏６、７月间的“白夜”奇观。每年初夏都有“白夜”。 Enjoy the pictures

16. Reading 1. Background of St Petersburg 2. Fast reading- --Questions St Petersburg Both peter the Great and the people of St Petersburg “A City of heroes” focuses on a city ,where there are many heroes; “Heroes of a City ” focuses on heroes ,who live in a city. So the passage mainly tells about the city of St Petersburg.

17. 3. Careful reading ** Find the topic sentences of each paragraph. P 1: the Russian Czar Peter the Great built a new capital ----St Petersburg P 2: St Petersburg has also been the center of many important events in history. P 3: the people of St Petersburg began rebuilding the city P4: the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia

18. Language points • Where there is a river, there is a city. • where 在这里引导的是地点状语从句，相当于in/at/to+ where从句（定语从句），意思是“在…地方” • Where there is smoke, there is fire.(无风不起浪；事出有因。) • It was under attack for 900 days, but the people of the city never gave in. • under attack遭受攻击，常与be 动词连用。介词under做“经受或遭受”、“在…的过程中”等解释， • 前接be 动词，后跟动名词，有时表达惊醒事态的意思。 • This road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic. 此路在修，禁止机动车辆通行。 • Restoring the city and …. • Seem 的用法 • 1) seen 后接形容词， 名词， 不定式，分词或介词等做表语。 • Tom came to see you this morning. He seemed (to be) tired. • I spoke to a tall man who seemed to be the boss.( 名词前无修饰语时,to be不可省略)

19. 2) seem的2种否定形式 • She does not seem to be at home. = She seems not to be at home. • 3) It seems后接that或as if 从句， 引导词that/as if 可以省略。 • It seems to me that he is right. • would –will 意愿、决心。 • I have made up my mind to go and I will. 我已决定要走就一定走。 • Once I have got a good job, I won’t give it up easily. • 一旦找到个理想的工作，我决不会轻易地放弃。 • Strong , proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern • heroes of Russia.圣彼得堡人民坚强不屈、充满自信、团结一致，他们是俄罗斯当代的英雄。 • strong, proud,and united 为前置定语，在这里相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 当主语比较短时，这类词语常常放在句首。 • Confident, selfless and honest, she is my good role model. • 她自信，无私，诚实，是我的楷模。

20. The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现在完成时的被动语态 • 构成： have/has been + 及物动词的过去分词 • 例句 ： The city has been rebuilt .这个城市已经重建。 • 练习：Page 47

21. Practise thinking and talking about the protection of culture relics and expressing opinions in the form of a letter to the editor. • Use the outline in the book as a pre-writing exercise. Please complete the outline and then use it to write the letters.