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Can you avoid cancer?

Learn the truth about cancer - it's preventable! Understand the origins of cancer, how it starts, and important preventive measures through diet, lifestyle, and early detection. Discover the impact of genetics, environment, and lifestyle choices on cancer risk. Find out how to avoid common misconceptions and make informed choices for cancer prevention. Stay informed, stay healthy!

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Can you avoid cancer?

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  1. Can you avoid cancer? Peter Isaacs Gastroenterology Unit

  2. cancer facts 1 common cancers are not preventable 2 cancer only produces symptoms when its too late to treat 3 if its in your genes there’s nothing you can do 4 cancer treatment results are the worst in Europe 5 the nhs cannot provide the latest cancer drugs

  3. “Cancer facts” • WRONG on all counts

  4. what is cancer? • An abnormal population of cells which do not have the normal appearance of the originating organ ( loss of differentiation) • These cells exhibit uncontrolled growth • The cells can invade locally or deposit in distant organs producing displacement effects

  5. How does cancer start? • An ABNORMAL GENE(S) which make the DNA liable to further changes • ENVIRONMENTAL challenges (chemicals, viruses or radiation) which push these changes • PROLIFERATION of the cells under the stimulus of inflammation, hormones increase the likelihood of irreversible malignancy

  6. How does cancer start? Mutation of DNA (oncogene) which can be • Congenital (eg familial colon cancer) • Acquired (carcinogens, radiation, ageing) • more mutations if cell proliferation is high eg Barrett’s • Inflammation • Hormonal eg breast, prostate • Viral infections eg HPV, HBV, HCV, HIV, EBV

  7. Cancer etymology • Latin the crab • Because of its sideways spread into the healthy tissue Carcinoma an epithelium or lining • Sarcoma in supporting tissues • Leukaemias, lymphomas, myeloma in bone marrow and lymph nodes • Oncology = (Greek) tumour science

  8. The CMO report 2009

  9. Predicting who will get cancers • FAMILY HISTORY • ALREADY HAD A CANCER • SMOKERS • DRINKERS • OBESE • MANUAL AND DIRTY INDUSTRIES • High UV and cosmic ray exposure • HIGH INCIDENCE AREA (e.g. radon, selenium, industrial pollution Pb, As) • PHYSICALLY INACTIVE

  10. Age and physical activity • Declines by 9% every decade how much of this is “cultural”

  11. ACTIVITY: PREDICTED BENEFITS • Coronary disease -10% • Stroke -20% • Diabetes II -40% • Colon cancer -45% • Breast cancer -30% • Hip fracture -50% • 30 minutes of moderate activity 5X/week

  12. Sir Liam Donaldson 2009 (Eng) alc xs smoking obesity inactivity Prevalence 7% 20% 24% 65% Cost to UK £20BN 5.2 16 8 NHS COST 2.7 2.7 4.2 1.5

  13. Blackpool annual health report 2008-9 • Population 142,500 • Blackpool 12th of the 354 most deprived LAs • 41 of the 94 areas of Blackpool are in the bottom 20% of England • Male life expectancy males is lowest in England (73.2 yr) Blackpool nhs commits to • improve early detection of cancers • Better uptake national screen programmes • Better uptake of HPV vaccination

  14. The Blackpool scene • 40,000 drink alcohol excessively • 2,324 problematic drug users • 6,645 obese (BMI>30) • Adults taking exercise 7.4% (Eng.10.8%) • Notifiable disease • Hepatitis B 22/year • Hepatitis C 106/year

  15. Healthy government • Minimum alcohol pricing Royal College of Physicians 2010 • Exercise for kids • Exercise for oldies Westminster Play park

  16. Blackpool risks • Alcohol, HCV and liver cancer • Obesity and oesophageal cancer • Cervix cancer • Lung cancer • Colon cancer

  17. Colon cancer (office natl stats) 1971-2003 • Incidence increasing 43 to 55/100k/y • Mortality FALLING 30 to18/100k/y(M22,F14) • 1 in 16 men , 1 in 20 women will develop colon cancer each year • 5 yr survival rate has doubled in 30 years • (M 22% in 1970s, now 50%, F 23% now 51%)

  18. MOH

  19. National Bowel cancer screening

  20. National Endoscopy Training Centre at The Mersey School of Endoscopy

  21. How to avoid cancer? • Remember that about one third of the UK population will have some form of cancer in their lifetime, two thirds of these will not die of it

  22. What foods to minimise? • Red and processed meats • Saturated fats • Barbecues, fried, roasted and burnt • Very high chilli factor • Too hot too swallow • Pickles and high salt foods

  23. Which foods to maximise? • Fresh green leaf vegetables and carrots • Fresh fruits especially coloured • Olive oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil • Oily fish • Whole grain cereals

  24. Daily life and cancer avoidance • Don’t smoke at all (active or passive) • If your body’s function changes seek advice • Don’t drink alcohol daily • Screen skin especially children, but get out more • Become a vegetarian • Take daily exercise • Keep slim • Get appropriate vaccinations and ID treatments • Think about the nhs screening offers (cervix, breast, colon) • Don’t worry be happy

  25. CANCER PREVENTION • CHOOSE PARENTS CAREFULLY • WALK TO THE VEGETABLE SHOP • FAVOUR THE FISHMONGER • WALK PAST THE PUB • RUN PAST THE TOBACCONIST • KEEP YOUR WEIGHT NEAR IDEAL • VOTE FOR HEALTH

  26. Significant symptoms • A new lump, change in a skin • Change in function of bowels or bladder, appetite, weight, breathing, cough, swallow • Bleeding from anywhere • New pains which persist

  27. Cancer research in Blackpool Fylde and Wyre The nhs has increased and reorganised research funding • Research networks support research in primary and secondary care • Research nurses, support for doctors/AHPs • Research units established • Research governance an emphasis on high quality large studies

  28. Gastrointestinal cancer research in Blackpool • Barretts oesophagus ASPECT the value of acid lowering drugs in low and high dose in combination with aspirin n preventing oesophageal cancer BOSS is surveillance endoscopy worthwhile? Chemotherapy of oesophageal and gastric cancers

  29. The future • More longevity= more cancers • More research = more treatments and more effective prevention • DNA profiling will make cancer risk prediction more accurate • Targeted screening will focus resource on those at risk • Surgery will become safer and even more centralised

  30. Cancer avoidance for HPs • Assess risks Family history, occupation, habits, previous cancers, clinical pointers • Give properly balanced evidence-based advice to our patients on whether to choose screening and surveillance • Give unasked advice when behavioral risks are identified “ BRIEF INTERVENTION”

  31. Cancer in the future….what can YOU do? TAKE CARE OF YOUR OWN HEALTH ( Doctors are not very effective on cures) Report significant symptoms early ACT on correctable risks ( obesity, smoking, alcohol excess, inactivity, poor diet, UV exposure) Do you have a genetic risk and require screening? Contribute to research ..participation in trials, surveys, support your local units research or cancer research UK

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