Confined Space Rescue Awareness Training

1. Confined Space RescueAwareness Training Bothell Fire and E.M.S. & King County Zone One

2. ConSpace Rules • WAC 296-305-5003 • WAC 296-62-141 • CFR 29-1910 • NFPA 1670 • NFPA 1006 • NIOSH 1994

3. Objectives • Recognize regulations governing operations in Confined Spaces • Identify the definition of permit and non-permit Confined Space. • Identify differences between Confined Space and permit Confined Space. • Identify equipment required to mitigate a Confined Space Rescue.

4. The Facts • Approximately 60 deaths a year are in Con Space. • 60% of these deaths are rescuers.

5. What Hurts Us • 65% Hazardous Atmospheres • 13% Engulfment • 7% Struck by falling object • 6% Heat stress/exhaustion • 4% Others

6. A Confined Space is : • Large enough to get into and perform assigned work, and • Has limited or restricted means of egress, and • Is not designed for continuous occupancy

7. A “Permit” CS : • Contains or has the potential to have a hazardous atmosphere or • Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant or • Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or a floor which tapers or • Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.

8. Storage tanks Pump wet wells Degreasers Sewers Manholes Tunnels Silos Vessels Mixers Water towers Underground vaults Boilers Typical Permit Confined Spaces

9. Examples

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18. Oxygen deficiency By-products of previously stored material Accidental leaks/spills Chemical reactions Mechanical operations Dangers of Confined Spaces

19. Types of Confined Space Hazards • Atmospheric Hazards • Physical Hazards • Engulfment Hazards • Corrosive Hazards • Biological Hazards • Other Hazards

20. Atmospheric Monitoring

21. Atmospheric Monitoring: • Initially and priorto entry all atmospheres shall be tested. • The testing will provide information that will: • Help select PPE • Determine areas where protection is needed. • Assess the potential health affect • Determine the need for specific medical monitoring.

22. Most are real time Single gas monitors Multi-gas monitors Must be portable Gas Monitoring Equipment

23. The percentage of oxygen in atmosphere Most monitors read 0% - 25% 19.5% - 23.5% is typically acceptable Will alarm at either level Disadvantages: *Must calibrate to settings *May be damaged by certain gases or vapors Advantages: *Quick response time *Portable Monitoring for Oxygen

24. Second priority to oxygen May not read if oxygen is <10% Uses LEL Not 0% - 100% vapor in air Alarms @ 10% of LEL, not 10% of vapor. Usually calibrated to pentane or hexane Advantages: * Fast Response * Simple Operation * Audible/Visual Alarms * Portable * Choice of Sampling Disadvantages: *Calibrated to one gas *False Readings in Low Oxygen Areas. *May be Damaged by Compounds MonitoringforFlammables

25. You Don’t Want to be this Guy? Do You?

26. Phases of Confined Space Rescue • Preparation • Assessment • Pre-entry operations • Entry operations • Termination

27. Phase I Preparation • Rescue team evaluation • Equipment evaluation • Hazard evaluation • Personnel evaluation • ICS

28. Respiratory protection: - SAR or SCBA - Enough for entry & back-up - Victim?? Ventilation Atmospheric monitoring Lockout / Tagout PPE Lighting Communication Rope, harnesses, & hardware Patient packaging Fall protection, tripods, davits Passport systems / tracking Preparation:Equipment Evaluation

29. Preparation:Hazard Evaluation • Sites of high likelihood: - Industry - Projects - Water treatment / sewage MAKE CONTACT!! • What do they do? • What do they store? • What can hurt you? • How do you control it? • Are they trained?

30. Phase IIAssessment • Approach assessment • Resource assessment

31. Assessment:Approach Assessment • Enroute game plan • At scene: • Number of patients • Location & last time contacted • Type of space • Location of entry points • Use of space • Other hazards • Pre-entry measures DETERMINE SURVIVABILITY PROFILE!!

32. Assessment:Resource Assessment • Compile all approach assessment information • Develop a plan • Look at what resources you have, and what’s enroute. • Is it enough? Call early!

33. Assessment: Documentation • Before entering document all safety measures • Permits, atmosphere readings, safety checklist • IF IT ISN’T WRITTEN OR TAPED IT NEVER HAPPENED!!

34. Phase IIIPre-entry Operations • General area safety: • Hot, warm, cold zones • General area ventilation • Outside ignition sources • Rescue area safety: • Huddle up – make assignments • Atmosphere monitoring • Ventilation • Entry team support – medical screen • Pre-entry brief • Expected physical challenges • Space layout & hazards

35. Phase IVEntry & Rescue Operations • Duties of Rescue Group Supervisor: • Develops & manages the plan • Duties of Attendant: • Monitor atmosphere & record • Maintain log of entry teams • Stay in communication with entry & supervisor

36. Entry and Rescue Cont: • Duties of Entry Teams: • Watch out for each other, hazards, & space / patient condition (L&I) • Communicate with attendant & each other • Assess patient and extricate appropriately • Brief additional teams

37. Entry and Rescue Cont: • Duties of Back-up teams: • Stand by in a ready position (no other assignments) • Duties of Rigging Team: • Build & manage retrieval system • Provide patient packaging • Duties of Air Supply: • Lots of spares, or cascade

38. Entry and Rescue Cont: • Other Positions • Medical • Decon • Cops (scene safety)

39. Phase VTermination • Document exit time • Medical evaluation & rehab • Report space & patient condition • Wrap up equipment & decon • Secure the space • PIA