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Confined Space Training

Confined Space Training. Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company Revised 2006 29 CFR 1910.146. Requirements of the Standard. Identification of confined spaces Informing employees of their existence Entry permits A written permit space program. Requirements of the Standard.

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Confined Space Training

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  1. Confined Space Training Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company Revised 2006 29 CFR 1910.146

  2. Requirements of the Standard • Identification of confined spaces • Informing employees of their existence • Entry permits • A written permit space program

  3. Requirements of the Standard • Training for individuals with active roles in confined space work, including: • Attendants • Authorized entrants • Entry supervisors • Rescue and Emergency Services Personnel

  4. Definition • Confined Space – a space large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work. In addition, a confined space has limited or restricted means for entry and/or exit, and is not designed for continuous human occupancy

  5. Definition • Permit Required Space – A confined space that has, or may have, one or more of the following characteristics: • Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere • Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant

  6. Definition • Permit Required Space Cont. • Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a small cross section

  7. Definition • Permit Required Space cont. • Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards, such as turning, exposed blades on equipment, or a hole where a worker could drop through to another level

  8. Definition • Isolation – the process by which a permit space is removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and material into the space

  9. Definition • Attendant – an individual stationed outside of one or more permit spaces who monitors that authorized entrants and who performs all the attendants duties assigned in the employers permit space program

  10. Definition • Blanking (Blinding) – the absolute closure of a pipe, line or duct by the fastening of a solid plate that completely covers the bore and that is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line or duct with no leakage beyond the plate

  11. Definition • Double Block and Bleed – The closure of a line, duct or pipe by: • Closing and locking or tagging two inline valves • Opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves

  12. Definition • Engulfment – the surrounding and effective capture of a person by liquid or a finely divided solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause strangulation, constriction or crushing

  13. Definition • Entry Supervisor • Determines if acceptable entry conditions at a permit space where the entry is planned • Authorizing entry • Overseeing entry operations • Terminating entry as required by the permit

  14. Definitions • Hazardous Atmosphere – an atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self rescue, injury or acute illness from one or more of the following causes: • Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of its LFL

  15. Definitions • Hazardous Atmosphere cont. • Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds the LFL • Atmosphere oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5% • Atmospheric concentration of any substance for which a PEL is published, which could result in employee exposure of its dose or PEL • Any other atmospheric condition immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)

  16. Definitions • Inerting – displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by non-combustible gas to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is non-combustible • Line breaking – the intentional opening of a pipe, line or duct that is, or has been, carrying flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at a volume, pressure or temperature capable of causing injury

  17. Definition • Non-Permit Confined Space – a confined space that does not contain or have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm • Prohibited Condition – any condition in a permit space that is not allowed by permit during the period when the entry is authorized

  18. Definition • Flash point – the lowest temperature at which a liquid produces sufficient vapor to cause momentary flame with an independent ignition source • Fire point – a temperature slightly above the flash point where the liquid produces vapors at a rate sufficient to sustain steady burning

  19. Definition • Ignition Temperature – temperature at which flammable liquids will ignite under its own heat energy

  20. Identification of Confined Spaces • Variations in • Size • Shape • Functions • Extent of the Hazards • Hazards to Personnel

  21. Employee Disclosure • Size, Shape, Function • Type of hazards that may be encountered • Atmospheric • Oxygen deficiency / enrichment • Explosive gases and vapors • Toxic air contaminants • Physical • Mechanical equipment • Energized electrical conductors • Thermal • Grains or dust

  22. Physiological Effects • 23.5% enriched • 21.0% normal • 19.5% minimum safe entry level • 12-16% disturbed respiration, emotional upsets, abnormal fatigue on exertion • 10-11% increased respiration, and heart coordination may be disturbed, headache • 6-10% nausea and vomiting, inability to move freely, possible unconsciousness • <6% gasping respiration: respiration stops, followed by cardiac arrest, death in minutes

  23. Date and Time issued/expired Job site ID Supervisor’s name Work to be performed Equipment to be used Periodic atmospheric testing results Source of isolation Ventilation practices Communication procedures Entry, stand-by and backup personnel Equipment Monitoring Safety Hoisting PPE Entry Permit

  24. Causes of Oxygen Deficiency • Chemical Reactions • Oxidation • Fermentation • Displaced by inert gases: argon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen • Absorbed by course surfaces like activated charcoal

  25. Flammable Range 100% LEL Too Lean Too Rich LEL UEL 100% in Air 0% LEL 0% in Air

  26. Chemical Acetone Acetylene Ammonia CO Gasoline Isopropyl Alcohol Methane Concentration in Air 2.5 - 12.8% 2.5 - 100.0% 15.0 - 28.0% 12.5 - 74.0% 1.4 - 7.6% 2.0 - 12.7% 5.0 - 15.0% Flammable Range Examples

  27. Explosive Atmospheres • Tanks that are 99% empty may still contain substantial quantities of residue which could evaporate to form an explosive vapor-air mixture

  28. Entrant Duties • Know the hazards that may be faced during entry of a permit space, including how exposure occurs, as well as signs, symptoms, and consequence of exposure • Properly use equipment as required by the standard • Communicate with the attendant as needed so that the attendant can: • Monitor the entrant’s status • Alert the entrant of the need to evacuate the space

  29. Entrant Duties • Alert the attendant whenever: • Any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation occurs • A prohibited condition occurs

  30. Entrant Duties • Exit a permit space as quickly as possible whenever • An order to evacuate is given by the attendant or the entry supervisor • A sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation is recognized • A prohibited situation is detected • An evacuation alarm is activated

  31. Entrant Duties • Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Helmet • Gloves • Hearing protection • Class III body harness • Communications equipment • Personal alerting device • Respiratory protection

  32. Needed Equipment • The following equipment should be used at all times for confined spaces • Monitoring Equipment – this shall be used during the entire process to monitor any changing levels or before a fresh team enters the space

  33. Needed Equipment • Equipment cont. • Method of Communication – depending on the type of space, a communication system must be established before entering any confined space. Verbal or visual communication is best, but two way radios may be used if this is not feasible

  34. Needed Equipment • Equipment cont. • Rescue Equipment – Every entrant shall be equipped with a chest or full-body harness and a lifeline attached to a fixed point outside the space. If the descent is more than five feet, the lifeline shall be attached to a pulley, winch or hoist. This makes it possible to rescue an employee easily from a great distance

  35. Pre-Plan • A Pre-Entry Plan shall be developed before entering a confined space that should cover the following: • Purpose of the entry • Who will enter the Permit Required Confined Space • Can work be done from the outside, without entering the space

  36. Pre-Plan • Pre-plan cont. • Have energy or chemical hazards been eliminated • Do airborne particles exist in the space and what method will be used to monitor these contaminants • If the Permit Required Confined Space is a process vessel or tank, identify the type of chemicals usually present • How will communication be maintained between entrants and attendants

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