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Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt. Egypt and the Nile. Geography. Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms. They’re called Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt . The Nile River. Flooded every year Provided fertile soil for crops Was the “Lifeline” for Egypt Transportation Route Used for Irrigation

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Ancient Egypt

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  1. Ancient Egypt

  2. Egypt and the Nile

  3. Geography • Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms. They’re called Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

  4. The Nile River • Flooded every year • Provided fertile soil for crops • Was the “Lifeline” for Egypt • Transportation Route • Used for Irrigation • Flows south to north • Mouth = “Delta”

  5. Food • Irrigation systems watered crops • Main crops were barley, wheat and flax • Main food was bread and beer, fish, vegetables and fruit. Only the wealthy ate meat.

  6. Clothing • Egypt’s weather is very warm • People wore linen robes • Women wore make-up and jewelry • People shaved their heads and wore wigs for special occasions.

  7. Egyptian Social Pyramid Egyptian Social Classes were based on wealth, job and education

  8. Homes • People built homes from mud bricks • More important people had better houses. • Only the wealthy had “bathrooms”

  9. Language • Egyptians developed a form of picture or symbol writing known as hieroglyphics. • Hieroglyphics enabled the Egyptians to keep records and pass down their traditions to the next generations. • Jean Francois Champollion translated the hieroglyphs on the Rosetta Stone.

  10. Pharaohs • The king or ruler of Egypt was called a Pharaoh. • The Pharaoh was seen as a god. • Everyone worked for the pharaoh. • When he died, the pharaoh was mummified and buried in a beautiful chamber along with his belongings. • Like all civilizations, Egyptians had the need for laws. The Pharaoh was the supreme judge of what was right and wrong under the law.

  11. Religion • The Egyptians believed in many gods. (polytheistic) • Egyptians prayed to different gods who controlled different things. • They built temples and shrines to honor their gods. • The Egyptians believed in an “afterlife.”

  12. Horus – God of the Sky Anubis – God of Preserving the Dead Ra – God of the Sun Osiris – God of the Dead and the Underworld

  13. Mummification • An elaborate ritual to preserve and protect the bodies of the pharaohs. • These bodies were placed in great burial chambers called pyramids. • Egyptians believed that when people die, they move on to another world. • Since people needed their body in the afterlife, it would need to be “preserved.” • The process of mummification was developed.

  14. The Process of Mummification • First they would remove the organs. These would go into canopic jars. • They would take the brain out through the nose because it was not important. • The heart was the most important because it would be weighed in the afterlife.It was judged by Osiris. • They packed the body with natron (a salt mixture) that would remove all the moisture. • After 70 days, they would apply oil, wrap the body in bandages and place the body in a sarcophagus. They would put a decorated mask on the body. • The body would be put in a chamber with all the things needed for the afterlife…food, riches, etc.

  15. Egyptian Pyramid

  16. Contributions of Egypt • Language: Hieroglyphics • Architecture: Pyramids • Inventions: 365 day calendar, papyrus (paper), irrigation system, mathematics, medicine, weapons, chariots, • Art: statues, paintings, jewelry

  17. Other Symbols of Egypt Queen Hatputshut amulets Scarab Beetle King Tut Eye of Horus The Sphinx Cartouche

  18. Important Egyptians • Ramses II – built more monuments than any other pharaoh. • King Tut – “boy king” – his tomb was discovered by Howard Carter in 1922. • Hatsheput – female pharaoh who wore a fake beard and dressed as a man. • Imhotep – architect responsible for the construction of the first pyramid. • King Menes – united Upper and Lower Egypt.

  19. Quiz • Next to what river did Egypt develop? • In what direction does the Nile River flow? • Name three ways the Nile river was important to the Egyptian civilization? • What is the fan-shaped mouth of a river called? • What was the main food eaten by Egyptians? • What did most Egyptians live in? • What was Egyptian language called? • What is an Egyptian king called? • What was the “afterlife?” • Describe the mummification process. • Name four contributions of Ancient Egypt.

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