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Skills Evaluation System in Japan. 1) Introduction a) Issues surrounding HRD policy b) Outline of HRD policy 2) National Trade Skill Testing & Certification Succeeding and promoting high-proficiency skilled workers.
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Skills Evaluation System in Japan • 1) Introduction • a) Issues surrounding HRD policy • b) Outline of HRD policy • 2) National Trade Skill Testing • & Certification • Succeeding and promoting • high-proficiency skilled workers Monday, October 20, 2006Overseas Cooperation Division, HRD Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Issues surrounding HRD Policy Accelerated technological innovation Structural changes in industries Diversification of working attitudes and style Widening mismatch of vocational ability Decline in Populations Issues of young people High turnover rate and unemployment rate “Freeters’ and ‘NEETs’ on the rise
Human Recourses Development (HRD) Promotion Law • Objective • Vocational training standard • Assistance for employers • Foundation of public VT institutions • Training materials • Vocational training trainer • and others
Objectives of the Testing & Certification System • To appraise and to certify the vocational abilities and knowledge that workers have achieved in their vocational lives. • To encourage skilled workers to seek a higher degree of expertise, and to enhance the public’s appreciation of skilled achievement and vocational training, thereby raising both the skills and socio-economic status of workers and contributing to the development of Japanese industry.
National Trade Skill Test System ① 137 kinds of trades (occupations) ② Inaugurated in 1959 ③ Classified into 4 grades; Special, First, Second, and Third grade ④ 470,000 applicants, 170,000 people passing tests in FY2005. ⑤ 3.3 million people have been certified. ⑥ Certificates and “Certified Skilled Worker” Title
Trades The skill testing system has become widespread to a certain extent covering 273 selective works integrated into 137 trades Category:Construction, Ceramics/Soil/Stone, Metal Machining, Electric precision equipment, Food, Clothes/Textile product, Wood/Paper product, Plastics product, Jewelry and Accessory, Printing/Bookbinding, and others
Grades/Levels • Special grade for managers / supervisors(Number of applicants, successful applicants, its ratio: 50,721 ; 15,207 ; 30%in the latest 5 FYs) • 1st Grade for advanced skilled workers (2,422,234 ; 1,060,548 ; 43.8%) • 2nd Grade for intermediate skilled workers (4,283,029 ; 1,750,557 ; 40.9%) • 3rd Grade for novice workers (360,193; 174,830; 48.5%)
Grades v.s Length of Experience 1st Grades 2nd 3rd 0 3 6 8 12 years Length of Experience
National Trade Skill Testing & Certification System Organisational Functions by HRD Promotion Law • MHLW → JAVADA (JApan Vocational Ability Development Association) Entrusts with developing methodologies of the Tests and producing the assignments of the Tests • Pref. Government →Pref. VADA Entrusts with running the Tests
Skills Testing Expert • JAVADA and Pref. VADA appoint national / local experts as part-time staff of each, from among those who have professional skills and knowledge on the relevant trades or sub trades • Duties of national experts are to prepare the practical and theoretical test and undertake any other technical matters • Duties of pref. experts are to implement and supervise the practical skill test and do marking the test projects.
Practical skill test • Practical skill test is carried out mainly by so called achievement test where applicants perform actual work • Working time is defined by standard time and maximum time. Any works over the standard time incurs demerit points by degree of excess • Test projects are in most cases to be sent to applicants three month prior to the test • Instead of actual work, examination of specimen, finding faults, and technical paper tests on operations & simulations of actual work are applied for some trades
Theoretical test • Theoretical test complements the practical test and evaluates the proper judgement ability and knowledge necessary for ordinary work, not merely for checking academic knowledge. • Maximum time of written test is two hours. • Questions are composed of 25 multiple choice tests and 25 true-false tests • A part of questions are to be selected from item bank, and 30% of questions are new ones
Criteria for passing test • To pass both practical skills test and theoretical test • To get 60 points at least in 100 points, full scores for practical tests and 65points for theoretical tests • If in case either of the tests are not quite there, he can try again for one he failed until he succeeds or until he gives up
Results ①Knowledge, skills Overt ② Individual thought and action qualities (attitude, cooperativeness) ③Motivation, personality, character, conviction, values, etc. Latent Vocational Abilities of Workers
Keys to make the Skill Test sustainable and valuable 1.Qualitiy of the Test being secured : a) Demand based quality of the tests b) Quality, Equality and Fairness of carrying out the tests c) Quality of the assessors 2.Industries cooperating in implementing the Test in various aspects
Other Vocational Ability Evaluation Systems Accredited System for In-house Trade Skills Test ① Certifying system of the trade skills which are specific to a company ② Such skill tests are accredited by the Government as “Accredited System for In-house Trade Skills Test,” for being made use of evaluating workers’ skill levels. ③ As of April 2006, 131 trade skills in 39 companies are designated as such. Vocational ability evaluation standards ① Based on competencies needed in carrying out jobs, ② In collaboration with employers’ associations, ③ Covering from administrative work to technical and skill-related work ④ Covering from manufacturing to services sectors
Types of High-Proficiency Skills • Type AThe skilledworkers who can manufacture the hifh-precision and high-quality products with the high skill that cannot replace it by machine. “Super Skilled Worker” • Type BThe skilled workers with the flexibility can meet wide production ordering and be engaged in technical development “Frontier Skilled Worker” • Type CThose who can realize a practical operation method in the production. “High-tech Skilled Worker”
A big diameter spherical surface lens polishing Development of new gilding for making reflex mirror of laser light collection
Promotion of Skills • Skill Grand Prix • Certification of High-Proficiency Skilled Workers • Commendation of Prominent Skilled Workers (in closing the presentation)
