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The Davidic Covenant – Part I

The Davidic Covenant – Part I. 2 Sam 7:8-16. Background of the Davidic Covenant. The Davidic Covenant takes place some 400 years after the renewal of the Mosaic Covenant in the plains of Moab. Israel failed to completely drive out the inhabitants of the land, as God had commanded her to.

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The Davidic Covenant – Part I

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  1. The Davidic Covenant – Part I 2 Sam 7:8-16

  2. Background of the Davidic Covenant • The Davidic Covenant takes place some 400 years after the renewal of the Mosaic Covenant in the plains of Moab. • Israel failed to completely drive out the inhabitants of the land, as God had commanded her to. • Joshua warned the people that the foreigners who remained in the land would become “a snare and a trap to you, and a whip on your sides and thorns in your eyes, until you perish from off this good land which the LORD your God has given you” (Josh 23:13).

  3. Background of the Davidic Covenant • Judges 2:10 states that after Joshua’s generation “there arose another generation after them who did not know the LORD, nor yet the work which He had done for Israel.” This begins a “spiraling down” effect, recorded in the book of Judges. • The people grow tired of this spiral, and ask for a king (1 Sam 8:1-9).

  4. Background of the Davidic Covenant • Saul was Israel’s first king. He started well, but was not completely devoted to the Lord, as evidenced by: • His offering of burnt offerings instead of waiting on Samuel (1 Sam 13:8-14). • His failure to execute Agag, King of the Amalekites (1 Sam 15:7-11). • Because of this, God chose David, a man after His own heart, to be Israel’s new king.

  5. Background of the Davidic Covenant • Though Saul continually seeks to kill David, David refuses to lay a hand on the Lord’s anointed. • David does eventually assume the throne at age 30 (2 Sam 5:4,5). • After the capture of Jerusalem from the Jebusites and two decisive battles over the Philistines (2 Sam 5:17-25), David brings back the ark to Jerusalem and thus establishes this city as the center of Israelite worship (2 Sam 6).

  6. Immediate Context of the Davidic Covenant Having been given rest by the Lord from all His enemies and having built a house of cedar for himself, David now desires to build a house for the Lord.

  7. The Davidic Covenant 2 Sam 7:8-16 • Promises to be fulfilled in David’s lifetime: • A Great Name (v. 9) • A Place for the People (v. 10) • Rest (v. 11a) • Promises to be fulfilled after David’s death: • A House (v. 11b) • A “Seed” or Descendant (vv. 12-14) • A Kingdom (v. 13)

  8. Essence of the Davidic Covenant • God promised to give David a great name, and, under David’s leadership as king, to provide a secure place for the nation of Israel to dwell, in accordance with the original promises of the Abrahamic Covenant. • Yahweh also promised that a descendant of David would build the Temple that David himself had wanted to build, and that the Davidic dynasty would endure forever. • David would never lack a man to sit upon God’s throne in Jerusalem (1 Kgs 8:25; 2 Chr 6:16; Jer 33:17).

  9. Israel’s Division and Captivity Northern Kingdom 10 TribesCapital: Samaria Zerubbabel, Ezra, Nehemiah 70 Year Captivity Jeroboam, followed by 18 bad kings. 722BC 536 BC 605 BC 1043 BC 538 BC Decree of Cyrus 931 BC United King-dom under Saul, David, & Solomon (112 years) 597 BC Ezekiel & 10,000 586 BC Jerusalem destroyed Southern Kingdom 2 Tribes Capital: Jerusalem 605 BC Daniel & 3 friends Rehoboam, followed by 11 bad and 8 good kings.

  10. Israel’s Division and Captivity Northern Kingdom 10 TribesCapital: Samaria Zerubbabel, Ezra, Nehemiah 70 Year Captivity Jeroboam, followed by 18 bad kings. 722BC 536 BC 605 BC 1043 BC 538 BC Decree of Cyrus 931 BC United King-dom under Saul, David, & Solomon (112 years) 597 BC Ezekiel & 10,000 586 BC Jerusalem destroyed Southern Kingdom 2 Tribes Capital: Jerusalem 605 BC Daniel & 3 friends Rehoboam, followed by 11 bad and 8 good kings.

  11. Thematic Connections Between the Davidic Covenant & Earlier Scripture

  12. Connections Between the Mosaic & Davidic Covenants • The royal psalms (Psalms 2, 18, 20, 21, 45, 72, 89, 101, 110, 144), which focus on the Davidic dynasty, depict the king as one who rules according to the stipulations of the Mosaic Covenant. • In 2 Kings 18-23, it is the stipulations of the Mosaic Covenant that provide the measuring stick for the reigns of Hezekiah, Manasseh, and Josiah. • “The proper role of the Davidic king was to lead his people in keeping Torah” (Grisanti, “The Davidic Covenant,” p. 249).

  13. Connections Between the Davidic & New Covenants • The New Covenant brings to full realization the various promises of the preceding covenants. • In contrast to only a remnant knowing the Lord, all of the house of Judah and the house of Israel will know Him (Jer 31:34). • God’s law will be written on the hearts of His people, He will be their God, and they will be His people (Jer 31:33). • Israel will be reunited into one kingdom, led by one perfect Davidic king.

  14. Next Week: The Davidic Covenant – Part II Psalms 2, 72, & 89

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