In what layer of the Earth’s atmosphere does the phenomenon causing global warming occur? Thermosphere Exosphere Tropos

1. In what layer of the Earth’s atmosphere does the phenomenon causing global warming occur? Thermosphere Exosphere Troposphere Mesosphere Stratosphere

2. C. Troposphere

3. In what layer of the Earth’s atmosphere is the beneficial ozone layer found? Thermosphere Exosphere Troposphere Mesosphere Stratosphere

4. e. Stratosphere

5. Most oxygen is found in this layer of the atmosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Troposphere Mesosphere Stratosphere

6. C. Troposphere

7. Which is found in old plumbing pipes and fixtures and some ceramic glazes? Asbestos Radon Lead Carbon Monoxide Formaldehyde

8. C. Lead

9. Composed of fibers known to cause lung disease Asbestos Radon Lead Carbon Monoxide Formaldehyde

10. a. Asbestos

11. Emitted from most manufactured building materials and furniture Asbestos Radon Lead Carbon Monoxide Formaldehyde

12. e. Formaldehyde

13. A colorless, odorless gas that is naturally occurring decay product of uranium Asbestos Radon Lead Carbon Monoxide Formaldehyde

14. b. Radon

15. Which of the following human activities is most closely associated with depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer? Mining of coal Disposal of refrigerators and air conditioners Heating of homes and factories Generation of electricity Agricultural irrigation

16. b. Disposal of refrigerators and air conditioners

17. In 1987, 36 nations meeting in Montreal, Canada developed the Montreal Protocol to reduce production of Carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide Toxic wastes CFC’s

18. d. CFC’s

19. Which of the following show the approximate concentrations of CO2, N2, and O2 in dry air?

20. e. Less 1% CO2, 78% N2, 21% O2

21. Of the following cities, which regularly experiences the worst levels of photochemical smog that is enhanced by thermal inversions? New York City, New York Los Angeles, California Portland, Oregan Atlanta, Georgia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

22. b. Los Angeles, California

23. Possible effects of a warmer atmosphere include which of the following? Expanded ranges of tropical diseases More intense hurricanes and typhoons Increased crop damage from pests and diseases I only II only I and III only II and III only I, II, and III

24. e. I, II, and III

25. When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide is the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to Changes in the local climate Oxidation of carbon compounds Cellular respiration of rain forest plants Erosion of exposed soil Carbon dioxide being released by anaerobic organisms

26. b. Oxidation of carbon compounds

27. Pollution is considered an external cost when It has harmful effects borne only by the people who purchase the products that cause the pollution The cost to the environment is not reflected in the price of the products that produce the pollution It has a significant impact on the consumer’s decision to buy a product that pollutes It is a hidden cost that would result in a greater demand for the product if the consumer were aware of the hidden cost It is produced in the external environment by a malfunction in the operation of the product

28. b. The cost to the environment is not reflected in the price of the products that produce the pollution

29. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas produced by domestic livestock? NO2 CH4 O3 CO SO2

30. b. CH4

31. Which of the following best illustrates point source pollution? Toxic sediments in the delta of a major river Increase in NO2 in traffic clogged city Dust blowing off unpaved roads Smoke emitted from forest fires Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company

32. e. Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company

33. All of the following have been reported and are possible signs of global warming except Bleaching of coral reefs with warmer water Spread of tropical diseases away from the equator Homestead farming in Antarctica Severe weather

34. C. Homestead farming in Antarctica

35. The three main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the United States are Soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest fires Soil erosion, volcanoes, and energy production Industry, construction, and agriculture Industry, transportation, and energy production Industry, transportation, and agriculture

36. d. Industry, transportation, and energy production

37. Acid deposition would most likely result in which of the following? The release of aluminum ions from soil An increase in populations of mollusks The death of species tolerant of low pH levels An increase in buffering of lake water by sulfates An increase in the pH of buffered water

38. a. The release of aluminum ions from soil

39. If the Earth had no atmosphere, the mean surface temperature would be approximately -15ºC. With our present atmopshere, Earth’s mean temperature is approximately +15ºC. Which of the following is the best explanation for this difference? Reflection of incident solar radiation by clouds Scattering of visible radiation by the ozone layer Absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer Absorption of infrared radiation by the atmospheric gases The breakdown of oxygen molecules in the thermosphere

40. d. Absorption of infrared radiation by the atmospheric gases

41. Ground level ozone in most major United States cities results primarily from Burning coal Burning fuel for cooking Producing electric power Industrial emissions Motor-vehicle exhaust

42. e. Motor-vehicle exhaust

43. Global warming is most likely to directly cause which of the following? Shifting of grain belts toward the equator Falling sea levels in the Southern Hemisphere Coastal flooding and submersion of low lying areas A decrease in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere An increase in the number and size of glaciers

44. c. Coastal flooding and submersion of low lying areas

45. Which of the following is an important contributor to both global warming and ozone depletion? An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide to higher than preindustrial levels A buildup of methane in the stratosphere to higher than preindustrial levels An increase in the levels of ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth’s surface An increase in the amount of infrared solar radiation absorbed in the troposphere A release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere

46. e. A release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere

47. Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when Smog is produced due to chemical reactions in the atmosphere A persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region Oak trees are burned, releasing terpenes into the atmosphere Primary, rather than secondary, forests are burned Vegetation in the region is green and burns more slowly

48. b. A persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region

49. Which of the following best explains why it is predicted that ozone depletion over the poles will be at its worst between 2010 and 2019? Projected global warming from carbon dioxide emissions is expected to reach a peak during those years Ozone-depleting chemicals produced before their use was banned will take that long to reach peak concentrations in the stratosphere Deforestation in tropical regions is expected to reach a peak during the second decade of the twenty-first century Increased global populations will lead to an increase in per capita CO2 production Acid deposition will continue to increase, reaching peak in approximately 2015

50. b. Ozone-depleting chemicals produced before their use was banned will take that long to reach peak concentrations in the stratosphere