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Mayan calendar

Mayan calendar. Mária Hricová Bartolomejová Ladislav Hric Kolos 2011. 50 000-8 000 BC p assing through Bering strait - hunters PaleoIndi a n s : 3500 BC- agriculture , pottery Olm ecs : 1200-900 BC , Mexic an Bay , s tatutes , jagu a r, feather snake

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Mayan calendar

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  1. Mayan calendar Mária Hricová Bartolomejová Ladislav Hric Kolos 2011

  2. 50 000-8 000 BC passingthrough Bering strait-hunters PaleoIndians: 3500 BC-agriculture, pottery Olmecs: 1200-900 BC, Mexican Bay, statutes, jaguar, feather snake Zapotecs: till 300 BC, Oaxaka(wahaka),Monte Alban, agriculture,writ, hieroglyphs, system of dots andbars, calendar Teotihuacan culture: 150 AD-pyramid of the Sun, 250-600 AD pyramid of the Moon, 50 km from Mexico City, Got of the feathersnake Quetzalcoatl History of Mezoamerican Indians

  3. Mayans: 250-900 AD, Yucatan, Guatemala, Belize, ancient towns: Palenque, Chichen Itza. Feather snake, other Deities Writing-hieroglyphs,mathematics, calendar, astronomy Aztecs: military nationcoming from the north, 14 cent. AD, capital-Tenochtitlan-Venice of the New World,lake Texcoco(Teškoko) latest King Montezuma II God of the Sun-Huicilopochtilo (vicilopočtlí)-sacrifying of human hearts, blood God of the Feather snake Quetzalcoatl calendar, mathematics astronomy, writingfrom Mayans

  4. Mayan mathematics • Vigesimal number system based on 20 • 0 – 19 • Combination of dots andbars • 5 dots replaced by one bar • Mayans knew zero

  5. sumationbyMayas

  6. Chichen Itzá-El Caracol Observation: Sun, Venus, Moon, constallations, Milky way Solar beamsthrough the slit on the walls Predictions of the solar eclipses

  7. Palenque-Palace • Kingand priests observed the Sunset from tower toward thepyramidof the Inscriptionson 21.December=winter solstice

  8. Calendar Tzolkin (ritual) • Cycleof 260 daysorbital motion of Venus consisting of • 2 cycles: • A) 13 daysfrom 1 to 13 numbers of days • B) 20 days from 0 to 19 • names of days – events from common life • 1.Imix –New yearafter 260 days

  9. Ritual calendar Tzolkin • Alternating of2 cycles13 days and20 days • 13x20=260 days • Beginning of Newyear=1.IMIX • 4 seasonal cycles=4x65 days

  10. Ritual calendar Tzolkin

  11. Calendar Haab (civil)Numbers of days +names of months • 365 daysannual movement of Sun • 18 months each 20 days=0...19 • Names of months-symbols from life • 18x20=360 +Wayeb (5 daysnonamed, unlucky=0...4)

  12. Calendar Haab (civil)hieroglyfic expression

  13. Calendar Haab (civil)hieroglyfic expression • Last day of month=sitting day on the next month

  14. Calendar cycle (Tzolkin+Haab) • Tzolkin260 days • Haab365 days • Beginning of bothcyclesafter18 980 (divisible) days = = 52 Haab = 73 Tzolkin 4 Ahaw, 8 Cumkuagain after 18 980 days Nowadays are used :Mexiko, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize

  15. Calendar cycle (Tzolkin+Haab)

  16. Expression of calendar cycle by gliphs

  17. Mezoamerican indians

  18. Long Count • Recording of the historicalevents • 1Bak’tun = 20 K’atun = 144 000 days • 1 K’atun = 20 Tun = 7 200 days • 1 Tun = 18 Winal = 360 days (0...17) • 1 Winal = 20 K’in = 20 days (0...19) • 1 K’in = 1 day • Starting of mayan calendar on 13 (11).Aug.3114 BC=584 283JD = 0.0.0.0.0, 4 Ahau, 8 Cumcu • 12.19.17.17.18 = 12x144000+19x7200+17x360+17x20+18 = 1871278 days + 584283 JD = 2455561 days = 1.1.2011

  19. Mayan expression of date

  20. Mayan expression of date • Kolos 1.12.2011=2 455 896 JD = 2455896 -584283 = 1871613 = 12x144000 + 19x7200 + 18x360 + 16x20+13= 12 Bak’tun 19 K’atun 18 Tun 16 Winal 13 K’in =12.19.18.16.13 • 1871613/260, 4 Ahau, = 6 Eb (divisible) • 1871613/365, 8 Kumku = 1 Mak • Today by Mayans 12.19.18.16.13, 6Eb, 1 Mak

  21. Calculation of the end of world • Mayan believed in 13 baktuns – 13 heavens which gradually developed • End of the count by mayancalendar 13.0.0.0.0 = 13 baktun, 0 katun, 0 tun, 0 winal, 0 kin, 4 Ahau, 3 Kankin = 13x144000 = 1872000 days + MB(584283JD) = 2456283JD = (21)23.dec.2012 (almanac)

  22. What is happening in 2012? Transit of Venus 5.-6. Jun 2012 – Nordkap -expedition Norway Solar eclipse 14-13.November 2012 Caerms – Queensland - Australia SAS pri SAV Info www.astro.sas.sk

  23. ChichénItzá-ElCastillo Mayan calendár-9platforms divided by 2=18 months 4 sides 91 steps + top platformn=365 days a year Each fasade 52 plain stones=52 year cycle Northern steps=lights and shadows show the optical efect of the waving snake on 21.3. and 23.9. It takes 3 h 22 min

  24. Thank You for your attention

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