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Plans in Japan after T2K

Dec. 3, 2008 BENE. Plans in Japan after T2K. Takashi Kobayashi IPNS, KEK. Contents. Introduction J-PARC Accelerator T2K experiment Future experiment to find CPV in neutrino proton decay with upgraded J-PARC and new huge detector Summary. Introductions.

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Plans in Japan after T2K

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  1. Dec. 3, 2008 BENE Plans in Japan after T2K Takashi Kobayashi IPNS, KEK

  2. Contents • Introduction • J-PARC Accelerator • T2K experiment • Future experiment to find • CPV in neutrino • proton decay with upgraded J-PARC and new huge detector • Summary

  3. Introductions • One of big questionsin particle physics • Origin of matter anti-matter asymmetry in the Universe • To create asymmetry, need • CP violation • Baryon number violation  Proton decay • CPV in neutrino is a possible source of the asymmetry • Lepto-genesis • CPV in neutrino is observed thru ne appearance • Probability is known to be small • Therefore, to attack the problem, we need • High intensity neutrino beam • Huge, high sensitivity detector (also good for proton decay) • In Japan • High intensity accelerator J-PARC and its upgrade plan exist • First step experiment to discover ne appearance: T2K • Studies to realize an experiment to find CPV in neutrino and proton decay with upgraded J-PARC and new huge detector • Physics potential studies • Detector R&D, etc…

  4. J-PARC Neutrino to Kamiokande Slow Extracted Beam Facility Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility Hadron Beam Facility Nuclear Transmutation Main Ring (30 GeV, 0.3 Hz, 0.75 MW→ 1.66 MW) Linac 180→400 MeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (3GeV, 25 Hz, 1MW) J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Joint Project between KEK and JAEA

  5. Overview of MR Slow extraction Experimental Hall Circumference 1567.5 m Mags: D:96, Q:216, S:72, Str: 186 Repetition rate ～0.3 Hz@Start Up Injection energy 3 GeV Extraction energy 30 GeV h 9 No. of bunches 8 (6 in day 1) Typical tune 22.4, 20.8 Transverse emittance At injection ~54 mm-mrad At extraction ~10 mm-mrad Three dispersion free straight sections of 116-m long: - Injection and collimator systems - Fast extraction (beam is extracted inside/outside of the ring) and RF cavities inside: Neutrino Beamline ( intense  beam to SK located 295 km west) outside: Beam abort line (at any energies when hardware failure occurs) - Slow extraction to Slow extraction Experimental Hall (K Rare decay, hyper nucleus..)

  6. J-PARC Accelerator and Experimental Facility Construction 2001~2008 SlowExtraction MR (Main Ring Synchrotron) Fast Extraction for T2K T2K Neutrino Monitor 3GeV RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) Linac J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Bird’s eye photo in January of 2008

  7. LINAC/RCS Achievement Up to Now • RCS 213kW equiv. operation for 70 seconds (Limited by the authorized capacity of beam dump) • RCS operation mode: • 1.77×1013protons per pulse, • 2 bunch/pulse, 25Hz • LINAC operation mode: • peak current 15mA, • pulse width 500μsec, • bunch length 420ns • RCS 353kW equiv. operation for one pulse • RCS operation mode: • 2.93×1013protons per pulse, • 2 bunch/pulse,25Hz • LINAC operation mode: • peak current 15mA, • pulse width 500μsec, • bunch length 700ns Survival (WCM) T(s) LINAC Chopping ; 560 – 700 ns (bunch len) w/ longitudinal painting Survival (DCCT) 560 ns ; 2.42x10^13 ppp (~292 kW) 600 ns ; 2.61x10^13 ppp (~314 kW) 650 ns ; 2.80x10^13 ppp (~337 kW) 700 ns ; 2.93x10^13 ppp (~353 kW) T(ms) ～35% of 1MW nominal intensity

  8. MR Status and plan First circulation (w/o RF cap.) BPM sig. • Commissioning with beam at 3GeV injection energy (May~June, 2008) • Circulation (May 20th)and RF capture (May 22nd) at 3GeV inj. energy is established. • Various beam studies/tuning at 3GeV done • Some items being improved during summer shutdown • Leakage field of injection septum  Shielding • Magnet field ripple  Re-configuration of cable, filters and feedbacks in power supply • Dec~Feb: Commissioning w/ beam • Fast extraction (beam abort) • First acceleration to 30GeV • Slow extraction • Mar,2009:Intermission for rad inspection • Apr, 2009: Neutrino beamline commissioning Synchrotron Oscillation Pattern No. of Turn Relative Arrival timing for each turn Beam Intensity as a Function of Time Injection Abort

  9. Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment 12 countries ~400 collaborators • Goal • Discover ne app. • nmdisapp. meas. • Intense narrow spectrum nm beam from J-PARC MR • Off-axis w/ 2~2.5deg • Tuned at osci. max. • SK: largest, high PID performance 1600nmCC/yr/22.5kt (2.5deg)

  10. The J-PARC Neutrino Beamline Superconducting combined function magnets Off-axis beam with 2~2.5deg Target-Horn System Target Station Muon Monitoring Pit Final Focusing Section 295km to Super-Kamiokande 100m Preparation Section SCFM at ARC Section Beam Dump Decay Volume Near Neutrino Detector 10

  11. T2K Status and plan • Beamline construction is on schedule • Will complete by the end of March 2009. • Super-kamiokande is ready • Readout electronics replacement finished and data taking with new electronics started (SK-IV) • Near detectors • On-axis(INGRID): start measurements from Apr.1 2009 • Off-axis:will be operational from high intensity physics run from fall 2009~ • Apr~June, 2009: Beamline commissioning with <7.2kW • Fall 2009~: High intensity physics run • Accumulate 100kW x 107sec equiv data by Summer 2010 • First physics results on ne appearance by the end of 2010

  12. Status of construction Dump (installed) 1st horn Dump (Graphite) 2nd horn (US) TS Helium vessel >70ton OTR Decay volume (water cooled) Target

  13. Magnet Installation Completed June 15, 2008 On time and budget!

  14. Contents • Introduction • J-PARC Accelerator • T2K experiment • Future experiment to find • CPV in neutrino • proton decay with upgraded J-PARC and new huge detector • Summary

  15. Neutrino Intensity UpgradeQuest for the Origin of Matter Dominated Universe v water C Liq. Ar One of the Main Subject of KEK Roadmap Discover ne app. Ｔ２Ｋ (２００９~) Neutrino Anti-Neutrino meas. CPV search Proton decay Intensity Upgrade Tech. Choice Huge det. Construction Detector R&D Possible Timeline Presented by KEK DG at KEK Roadmap Review Committee 9,10-March 2008

  16. Technically Feasible MR Power Improvement Scenario― KEK Roadmap― After 2010, plan depends on financial situation

  17. Item to be Modified from DAY1 toward High Intensity • No. of Bunch in MR(6→8) • Fast Rise Time Extraction Kicker Magnet • Increase Repetition Rate (3.5Sec→1.92Sec) • RF and Magnet Power Supply Improvement • RCS h=1 Operation (longer beam bunch to decrease space charge effect) • RF Improvement • LINAC 400MeVOperation (avoid severe space charge effect at RCS injection) h=2: 2 bunches×4cycle injection to MR h=1:Single bunch with doubled no. of proton×8cycle injection

  18. Lepton Sector CP Violation Effect of CP Phase δ appear as • νe Appearance Energy Spectrum Shape *Peak position and height for 1st, 2nd maximum and minimum *Sensitive to all the non-vanishing δincluding 180° *Could investigate CP phase with νrun only • Difference between νe and νe Behavior

  19. Angle and Baseline • Off-axis angle • On-Axis: Wide Energy Coverage, ○Energy Spectrum Measurement ×Control of π0 Background • Off-Axis: Narrow Energy Coverage, ○Control of π0 Background ×Energy Spectrum Measurement 　　　　　　　　　→ Counting Experiment • Baseline • Long: ○ 2nd Osc. Max. at Measurable Energy × Less Statistics ? Large Matter Effect • Short: ○ High Statistics × 2nd Osc.Max.Too Low Energy to Measure ? Less Matter Effect dCP=0 OA0° dCP=90 nm flux OA2° dCP=270 OA2.5° OA3° νμ νeoscillation probability Oscillation probability Dm312 = 2.5x10-3 eV2 sin22q13 = 0.1 No matter effects (E/L)

  20. Three Possible Scenario Studied at NP08 Workshop Okinoshima Kamioka Korea 295km 2.5deg. Off-axis 658km 0.8deg. Off-axis 1000km 1deg. Off-axis NP08 is The 4th International Workshopon Nuclear and Particle Physics at J-PARC http://j-parc.jp/NP08

  21. Scenario 1 νeSpectrum sin22θ13=0.03,Normal Hierarchy • Cover 1st and 2nd Maximum • Neutrino Run Only 5Years×1.66MW • 100kt Liq. Ar TPC • -Good Energy Resolution • -Good e/π０discrimination • Keeping Reasonable Statistics δ=0° δ=90° δ=180° δ=270° CP Measurement Potential Okinoshima Beam νe Background 3s 658km 0.8deg. Off-axis NP08, arXiv:0804.2111

  22. Scenario 2 • Cover 1st Maximum Only • 2.2Years Neutrino+7.8Years anti-Neutrino Run 1.66MW • 540kt Water Cherenkov Detector 295km 2.5deg. Off-axis <En>~0.6GeV Kamioka Tokai sin22θ13=0.03,Normal Hierarchy d=0 d=p/2 CP sensitivity signal+BG 3s nm+nm+ne+neBG nm sin22q13 nm+nmBG deg. Enrec Enrec 3s Fraction of d nm sin22θ13 Enrec Enrec K.Kaneyuki @NP08

  23. Scenario 3 • Cover 2nd Maximum @ Korea • Cover 1st Maximum @ Kamioka • 5Years ν+5Years ν Run 1.66MW • 270kt Water Cherenkov Detector each • @ Korea, Kamioka 295km 2.5deg. Off-axis 1000km 1deg. Off-axis F.Dufour@NP08 (study is initiated by M.Ishitsuka et. al. hep-ph/0504026)

  24. Comparison of Each Scenario Study is continuing to seek for optimum choice

  25. Additional Requirement forFar Detector Optimization • Proton Decay Discovery Performance • Realization of the Huge Detector • Test of the key components • Experimentally prove the detector performance • if necessary, good prototyping (able to predict Huge Detector Performance well) is important • Test with the beam is important *KEK started R&D for Huge Liq. Ar TPC

  26. Summary • Aim to realize an experiment to discover CPV in neutrino and Proton decay with • Upgraded J-PARC 0.75MW  1.66MW (??MW) • Huge, high sensitivity detector • Studies are continuing • Optimization of physics potential • Distance and off-axis angle of detector • Okinoshima(658km), Kamioka (295km), Korea (1000km) • Detector technology: ~100kt Liq. Ar TPC/~1Mt Water Cherenkov • Detector R&D. KEK started R&D of Liq Ar TPC • To realize the experiment, it is essential to • Commission and improve intensity of J-PARC accelerator immediately • Discover ne appearance in T2K • Construction is on schedule. First beam Apr. 2009 • First T2K physics result in 2010 w/ 100kWx107s equivalent data • Acquire experience of high intensity beam operation

  27. Status of 280m Near Detectors On-axis detector (INGRID) Iron+Scibar Sandwich Under construction UA1 magnet (from CERN) Installed Apr-Jun,2008 FGD In production, ready in Apr.2009 All are in production FGD ECAL Photo-sensor (~60k ch) in production TPC

  28. Primary Beam-line • Assumed Beam Loss • 750W@Prep. • 250W@FF. • (1W/m @ ARC) 11 NC mags • All magnets and monitors installed • Vacuum connection, operation test of NC mags being done • Superconducting magnets will be cooled and tested from Jan.,2009~ Beam Monitor Intensity (CT) 5 Beam position (ESM)‏ 21 Profile (SSEM)‏ 19 Profile (OTR@target)‏ 1 Beam loss monitor 50 Preparation Section 10 NC mags ARC Section 28 SC combined func mags (+3 SC corr mags from BNL) Final Focusing Section

  29. Accelerator Based Neutrino Project in Japan Able to concentrate on Far Detector issuetoward the 3rd Generation Experiment after T2K startup

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