Translation of Long Sentences

Translation of Long Sentences 长句的翻译 By 陈烽

Procedures • Comprehension • Understand the structure • Get the main idea • Identify the main clauses and subordinate ones • Presentation • Translate the division • Rearrangement

Methods • Embedding(rearrange the modifiers) • Cutting(rearrange long modifiers) • Reversing(conform to Chinese usage) • Splitting(take elements out of a sentence) • Inserting(punctuations) • Recasting

A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties. 50年代后期的美国出现了一个真正的奇观：穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国的典型的穷人。正是在这个时候大批大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子贫民窟。 Practice 1

Practice 2 Article 1of the GATT is the celebrated most favored nation(MFN) clause under which each member nation must give treatment to other member nation’s imports and exports that is at least as favorable as that applied to the most favored nation. 关贸总协定的第一条是著名的最惠国条款。按照该条款，每一个成员国给与其他成员国的进出口货物的待遇至少应和给与最惠国的待遇同样优惠。

Practice 3 • Four scores and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. • 87年前，我们的先辈们在这片大陆上创立了一个新的国家，他以自由为立国之本，奉行所有人生而平等的原则。

Practice 4 The statement declared that the international order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen. 声明宣称，国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距将继续扩大。

Practice 5 The United Nations Secretary General says that he is sure that the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors. 联合国秘书长说他确信安理会会批准与伊拉克达成的有关联合国武器核查人员的协议。

Practice 6 It is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes to a feeling of well-being whether or not exercise adds to the length of life. 不管运动是否能延年益寿，一定的运动量可以增进健康并使人精神愉快，这一点却是人们共有的体验。

Practice 7 • Suddenly a person who, in a large coat, with long hair and held a sword rushed into the room where everyone was surprised and frightened. • 突然一个人闯进房间，这个人身披着大衣，留着长发，手里拿把剑，把屋里的人都吓着了。

Practice 8 • Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. • 大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

Practice 9 • In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization－with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. • 在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。

Practice 10 • The principal of a great Philadelphia high school is driven to cry for help in combating the notion that it is undemocratic to run a special program of studies for outstanding boys and girls. • 费城的一所名牌中学为一些出类拔萃的男女学生开设一套特别课程，有人认为这种做法不民主，结果校长不得不大声疾呼求助人们同这种观念作斗争。

Practice 11 • The fact that the average Englishman's home has become his workshop is partly because he is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. • 普通英国人的家已经成了自家的工场，一方面是因为他热衷于自己动手干，另一方面是因为出于某种原因，他觉得许多家务活必须自己干，而这些活在几年前他会雇专人来干的。

Practice 12 • American schools, both public and private, consist of 12 years of grades-- basically 8 years of elementary school and 4 years of secondary or high school, although grades 7 and 8, or 7, 8 and 9 may be housed together in a middle school or junior high school. • 美国的公立学校和私立学校都是由12个年级组成的，基本上是8年小学加4年中学，虽然7、8两个年级或7、8、9三个年级有可能都在初级中学里就读。

Practice 13 • Students in these state schools, however, as well as those in private colleges, must pay tuition, but the state schools are much less expensive than private ones, particularly for students who are residents of the state. • 但是，这些州立学校的学生以及私立学院的学生都须缴纳学费，不过州立学校的学费比私立学校的学费便宜得多，对常住本州的学生来说尤为便宜。

Practice 14 • Its beginning obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slowdown, the new technological unemployment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century. • 新技术出现带来的失业问题，尽管起初被全球性经济衰退所引起的失业现象所掩盖，但有可能成为20世纪末社会经济的重大难题。

Practice 15 • When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973 - 1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted. • 1973－1974年间第一次出现“能源危机”的时候，我正和家人住在明尼苏达北部一处鹿群过冬的边缘地带。我们住在一个小屋里，观察鹿的生活习性，观察它们如何随着冬季来临从夏秋的活动频繁变得少动的，而到春暖雪融时，它们的活动又是如何增加起来的。

Practice 16 • Now there is in America a curious combination of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a living and genuine delight in what one is able to accomplish with one's own hands. • 现在美国有一个奇怪的现象：人们一方面为地位上升不再需要靠体力劳动谋生而感到自豪，另一方面又对能够亲自动手做事而由衷地感到高兴。

Practice 17 • One of the most heartwarming aspects of people who are born with a facial disfigurement, whether minor or major, is the number of them who do not allow it to upset their lives, even reaching out to help others with the same problem. • 有些人生来面部就有残缺，残缺有大有小，但令人欣慰的是这些人中很多人并没有因此而生活得不愉快，相反，他们倒去主动帮助其他有同样问题的人。

Practice 18 • It would take me an entire book to list all of the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people, but who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends -- usually serving as problem-solvers, and widely respected and loved. • 我毕生认识了许多人，他们一生中大部分时间都是单身，但在朋友群中却无可非议地是个核心人物。他们经常帮人解决问题，广受尊敬，广受爱戴。要把这些人的姓名一一列出的话，恐怕要写一本书。

Practice 19 • From the corner of my eye, I saw Phil, pale, slack-jawed, eyes wide with amazement and adoration combined. We listened to Jenny finish the sonnet, which was in its way a kind of prayer. • 我从眼角里瞅见菲尔，他脸色苍白，半张着嘴，眼睛瞪得大大的，又是惊讶又是崇敬。我们听着詹尼念完诗，那简直就是一篇极有特色的祈祷词。

Practice 20 • They went in to dinner. It was excellent, and the wine was good. Its influence presently had its effect on them. They talked not only without acrimony, but even with friendliness. • 他们走进餐厅去吃饭。美酒加佳肴。喝着酒，吃着菜，气氛顿时起了变化。不仅没有恶言相向，言语间还十分投机。

Practice 21 • In order to retain Chinese managers, joint ventures also must devise human resource policies that are sensitive to the ways in which Chinese employees differ from those in the West. • 为了留住中国本地管理人员，合资企业还必须制定适应中国雇员与西方雇员之间种种差异的人力资源政策。

Practice 22 • Engels spoke with the authority and confidence, born of forty years' closest friendship and intellectual intimacy, during which he had grasped, as no other man had, the full significance of Marx's teachings. • 四十年最亲密的友谊和思想契合赋予了恩格斯说这番话的资格和信心。经过这四十年，他对马克思学说意义的了解比任何人都彻底。

Practice 23 • If you're stuck with someone and feeling tongue-tied, console yourself by remembering that the other person may be feeling as agonized as you. Summon up a burst of energy, and find something on which to compliment him or her. • 倘若和别人无言以对面面相觑时，无须烦恼，切记对方或许跟你一样心里感到不好受。你要打起精神来，找些好听的话向对方说说。

Practice 24 • Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. • 在98年世界杯得主产生很久以后，失望的球迷们仍在咒骂那些有争议的裁判裁决，这些裁决使他们的球队与胜利无缘。一位研究人员被任命去研究那些定尖级裁判的行为。

Practice 25 • Decision must be made very rapidly; physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose. • 必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事，而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此，一旦考虑成熟，决策者就应迅速做出决策。

Practice 26 • How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe? • 欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献，使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力，使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响，并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢？

Practice 27 • The State shall , in light of the needs for the development of foreign trade , set up and improve financial institutions in service of foreign trade and establish development fund and risk fund for foreign trade . • 国家根据对外贸易发展的需要，建立和完善为对外贸易服务的金融机构，设立对外贸易发展基金、风险基金。

Practice 28 • Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder''s left-of-center coalition returned to power by a very narrow margin in parliamentary elections on September 23, following a campaign in which Schroeder''s repeated refusal to support a possible U.S. attack on Iraq became a central issue. • 9月23日，德国总理施罗德领导的中左翼联盟在德国议会大选中以微弱优势击败对手赢得胜利。大选中，伊拉克问题成为两派竞选的中心问题。施罗德多次宣布德国不支持美国可能对伊拉克进行的军事打击。

Practice 29 • United States authorities confirmed on October 12 that a latest deadly shooting was linked to nine other sniper attacks in the Washington D.C. area. Since October 2, eight people have been killed and two wounded by an obscure gunman in Washington D.C. and the neighboring areas in Maryland and Virginia. • 美国警方10月12日证实最近的一起枪击杀人案与华盛顿地区接连发生的另外9起枪击案属同一人所为。自10月2日起，华盛顿及马里兰州、弗吉尼亚州靠近华盛顿的地区共有8人被一不明身份的持枪者打死，两人被打伤。

Practice 30 • The International Federation of Translators noting that translation has established itself as a permanent, universal and necessary activity in the world of today; that by making intellectual and material exchanges possible among nations it enriches their life and contributes to a better understanding amongst men; that in spite of the various circumstances under which it is practiced translation must now be recognized as a distinct and autonomous profession; and desiring to lay down, as a formal document, certain general principles inseparably connected with the profession of translating, particularly for the purpose of - stressing the social function of translation, - laying down the rights and duties of translators, - laying the basis of a translator's code of ethics, - improving the economic conditions and social climate in which the translator carries out his activity, and - recommending certain lines of conduct for translators and their professional organizations, and to contribute in this way to the recognition of translation as a distinct and autonomous profession, announces the text of a charter proposed to serve as guiding principles for the exercise of the profession of translator.

国际翻译工作者联合会认为，翻译工作在当代世界被看作是一种经常、普遍和必不可少的活动形式；翻译工作能够使各国人民进行精神与物质上的交流，丰富各国人民的生活，促进人们之间的了解；尽管从事翻译工作的环境各有不同，但当前必须把翻译工作看作是一种固定、独立的职业。希望以正式文件的形式，阐明与翻译工作者的职业密切相关的几项共同原则，以便着重指出翻译工作的社会职能，明确翻译工作者的权利和义务，奠定翻译工作者道德规范的基础，改善翻译工作者从事翻译工作的经济条件与社会环境，为翻译工作者及其职业团体提供某些活动方针，借以肯定翻译工作是一种固定、独立的职业。有鉴于此，国际翻译工作者联合会特公布本宪章，作为翻译工作者从事翻译活动的指针。

One morning, in the fall of 1880, a middle-aged woman, accompanied by a young girl of eighteen, presented herself at the clerk’s desk of the principal hotel in Columbus, Ohio, and made inquiry as to whether there was anything about the place that she could do. She was of a helpless fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, difficult manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. Any one could see where the girl behind her got the timidity and shamefacedness, which now caused her to stand back and look indifferently away. She was a product of the fancy, the feeling, the innate affection of the untutored but poetic mind of her mother combined with gravity and poise which were characteristic of her father. Poverty was driving them. Together they presented so appealing a picture of honest necessity that even the clerk was affected.

1880年秋天的一个早晨，一个中年妇女，带着一个十八岁的青年女子，走进俄亥俄州科伦坡市的大旅馆里，来到前台，问服务员有没有她能做的活。那妇人体态臃肿，面容诚恳，但神情有些怯怯的。一双眼睛大大的，看起来很柔顺，里面象是隐藏了无穷的心事，只有那些满怀同情地仔细观察过凄惶无告的穷苦人的人才能看得出来。缩在后面的是她的女儿，神情跟妈妈一样畏惧和羞怯，眼睛不敢正视前方。妈妈虽然没有受过教育，却生性浪漫，富于幻想，感情丰富，天生仁厚，加上父亲的庄重严肃，质朴稳重，难怪造就了她这样一个人。如今他们饥寒交迫，母女俩一起，那穷困窘迫的情景是很打动人的，就连服务员都被感动了。1880年秋天的一个早晨，一个中年妇女，带着一个十八岁的青年女子，走进俄亥俄州科伦坡市的大旅馆里，来到前台，问服务员有没有她能做的活。那妇人体态臃肿，面容诚恳，但神情有些怯怯的。一双眼睛大大的，看起来很柔顺，里面象是隐藏了无穷的心事，只有那些满怀同情地仔细观察过凄惶无告的穷苦人的人才能看得出来。缩在后面的是她的女儿，神情跟妈妈一样畏惧和羞怯，眼睛不敢正视前方。妈妈虽然没有受过教育，却生性浪漫，富于幻想，感情丰富，天生仁厚，加上父亲的庄重严肃，质朴稳重，难怪造就了她这样一个人。如今他们饥寒交迫，母女俩一起，那穷困窘迫的情景是很打动人的，就连服务员都被感动了。

The afternoon came on wet and somewhat misty: as it waned into dusk, I began to feel that we were getting very far indeed from Gateshead: we ceased to pass through towns; the country changed; great grey hills heaved up round the horizon: as twilight deepened, we descended a valley, dark with wood, and long after night had overclouded the prospect, I heard a wild wind rushing amongst trees. Lulled by the sound, I at last dropped asleep; I had not long slumbered when the sudden cessation of motion awoke me; the coach-door was open, and a person like a servant was standing at it: I saw her face and dress by the light of the lamps.

下午，天气潮湿，雾气迷蒙。近黄昏时分，我才开始感到离开盖茨黑德真的是很远了。我们再没路过城镇，乡村的景色也起了变化，一座座灰色的大山耸立在地平线上。暮色渐浓，车子驶进一个山谷，那里是黑乎乎的一片森林。渐渐地，夜幕遮盖了一切景物。又过了很久，我听见狂风开始在林中呼啸。下午，天气潮湿，雾气迷蒙。近黄昏时分，我才开始感到离开盖茨黑德真的是很远了。我们再没路过城镇，乡村的景色也起了变化，一座座灰色的大山耸立在地平线上。暮色渐浓，车子驶进一个山谷，那里是黑乎乎的一片森林。渐渐地，夜幕遮盖了一切景物。又过了很久，我听见狂风开始在林中呼啸。那声音在我听来仿佛像催眠曲，我终于倒头睡着了。还没睡多久，车子突然停了下来，我被惊醒了。马车的门开着，一个仆人模样的人站在门边。藉着灯光，我看得清她的面容和装束。

I was stiff with long sitting, and bewildered with the noise and motion of the coach: gathering my faculties, I looked about me. Rain, wind, and darkness filled the air; nevertheless, I dimly discerned a wall before me and a door open in it; through this door I passed with my new guide: she shut and locked it behind her. There was now visible a house or houses- for the building spread far- with many windows, and lights burning in some; we went up a broad pebbly path, splashing wet, and were admitted at a door; then the servant led me through a passage into a room with a fire, where she left me alone.

因为久坐，我身子都僵了，马车的噪音和震动弄得我迷迷糊糊，我定下神来，环顾左右。只听见雨在下，风在刮，周围一片黑暗。不过我隐约看到面前有一堵墙，墙上有一扇门，新来的向导领我进去，把门关上，随手上了锁。这时看得见一间，也许是几间房子---因为那建筑真的很大，延伸得好远---房子上面有很多窗子，其中几扇亮着灯。我们踏上一条水沫飞溅的宽阔石子路，后来又进了一扇门。接着仆人带我穿过一条过道，进了一个生着火的房间，撇下我走了。因为久坐，我身子都僵了，马车的噪音和震动弄得我迷迷糊糊，我定下神来，环顾左右。只听见雨在下，风在刮，周围一片黑暗。不过我隐约看到面前有一堵墙，墙上有一扇门，新来的向导领我进去，把门关上，随手上了锁。这时看得见一间，也许是几间房子---因为那建筑真的很大，延伸得好远---房子上面有很多窗子，其中几扇亮着灯。我们踏上一条水沫飞溅的宽阔石子路，后来又进了一扇门。接着仆人带我穿过一条过道，进了一个生着火的房间，撇下我走了。

She was not beautiful, but men seldom realized it when caught by her charm as the Tarleton twins were. In her face were too sharply blended the delicate features of her mother, a Coast aristocrat of French descent, and the heavy ones of her florid Irish father. But it was an arresting face, pointed of chin, square of jaw. Her eyes were pale green without a touch of hazel, starred with bristly black lashes and slightly tilted at the ends. Above them, her thick black brows slanted upward, cutting a startling oblique line in her magnolia-white skin-that skin so prized by Southern women and so carefully guarded with bonnets, veils and mittens against hot Georgia suns.

她长得并不漂亮，但是要是男人们像塔尔顿家那对孪生兄弟为她的魅力所着迷时，就不会这样想了。她脸上有着两种特征，一种是她母亲的娇柔，来自法兰西血统的海滨贵族；一种是她父亲的粗犷，来自浮华俗气的爱尔兰人，这两种特征混在一起显得不太协调，但宽颧骨配上尖下巴，这张脸是很引人注意的，她那双淡绿色的眼睛纯净得没有一丝褐色，配上乌黑的睫毛和翘起的眼角，显得韵味十足，两条墨黑的浓眉飞入鬓角，给她木兰花般白皙的肌肤划上十分分明的斜线，这样白皙的皮肤是南方妇女极其珍视的。她们常常用帽子、面纱和手套把皮肤保护起来，以抵御佐治亚炎热太阳的暴晒。她长得并不漂亮，但是要是男人们像塔尔顿家那对孪生兄弟为她的魅力所着迷时，就不会这样想了。她脸上有着两种特征，一种是她母亲的娇柔，来自法兰西血统的海滨贵族；一种是她父亲的粗犷，来自浮华俗气的爱尔兰人，这两种特征混在一起显得不太协调，但宽颧骨配上尖下巴，这张脸是很引人注意的，她那双淡绿色的眼睛纯净得没有一丝褐色，配上乌黑的睫毛和翘起的眼角，显得韵味十足，两条墨黑的浓眉飞入鬓角，给她木兰花般白皙的肌肤划上十分分明的斜线，这样白皙的皮肤是南方妇女极其珍视的。她们常常用帽子、面纱和手套把皮肤保护起来，以抵御佐治亚炎热太阳的暴晒。

Delivered by the ambassador of X country upon presenting his letter of credence to the chairman of country Your Excellency, I have the honor to present to you the Letter of Credence by which the President of the Republic of X has accredited me as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Y Country. The President of X country has charged me to convey to Your Excellency the assurances of his high esteem and sincere friendship and greetings for the success and progress of the people of your great country. At the same time, let me add the expression of my profound respect and admiration for Your Excellency, Your Excellency’s Government and the great people of your country. Your Excellency, we are neighbors and have a record of close and fruitful association which dates back to the distant past of history. I avail myself of this opportunity to extend to Your Excellency the assurances that in the capacity of our country’s accredited representative to your great country, I shall work unceasingly for strengthening the friendly relations and active cooperation between our two countries. I am confident that I shall receive the unfailing and sincere cooperation of the Government of your country in my efforts in this direction.

X国大使向Y国主席递交国书时致辞 尊敬的阁下，在此我荣幸的向您递交X共和国总统任命我为驻贵国特命全权大使的国书。 X国总统嘱托我向阁下转达他的崇高敬意和诚挚友谊，并祝贺您的伟大国家所获得的成就和进步。同时，请允许我向阁下，您的政府和伟大的贵国人民表示我个人的深切敬意。尊敬的阁下，我们是邻国，在历史上就有着密切和友好往来的记载。我谨向阁下保证，我以我国派驻在贵国的代表身份，将为加强我们两国之间的友好关系和积极合作而不断努力。我相信，我的这种努力将会得到贵国政府的全力的诚挚的合作。

下课啦

Translation of Long Sentences