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The Role of Buildings and Sites in Promoting Physical Activity

The Role of Buildings and Sites in Promoting Physical Activity. College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology. Craig Zimring, PhD. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001. Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

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The Role of Buildings and Sites in Promoting Physical Activity

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  1. The Role of Buildings and Sites in Promoting Physical Activity College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Craig Zimring, PhD

  2. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001 Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

  3. Prevalence (%) of overweight among children and adolescents ages 6-19 years Source: 1999-2000 NHANES

  4. Incidental Hybrid Intentional Why Do People Do Physical Activity?

  5. Physical Activities In or Near Buildings • Walking • Biking • Stair climbing • Running • Use of indoor exercise facilities on/off site • Use of outdoor facilities on/off site • Occupational/ household activities

  6. Strategies for Encouraging Physical Activity Pull: Make PA attractive Push: Make sedentary alternatives less appealing

  7. Environmental Factors at Different Scales Personal Factors Organizational Factors Physical Activity Environmental Factors Aesthetics Comfort Safety Availability Convenience Legibility URBAN SITE BUILDING ELEMENT

  8. Harvard Alumni Health Study In a study of more than 11,000 men, climbing at least 20 floors per week was associated with a 20% lower risk of stroke or death from all causes Source: Lee & Paffenbarger, 1998; Lee, personal communication

  9. Designing Activity-Friendly Buildings and Adding Steps for Better Health If people spent only one more minute per day going upstairs, they would burn an extra 2900 kcal per year, or .8 pounds. For only 2 minutes per day, that’s more than 1.5 pounds per year. This would eliminate all weight gain among US adults. Heavier people will get more benefit. Source: Kerr, Nicole Angelique MPH, Centers for Disease Control Stairwell Project slide set Source: Jim Sallis Ph.D., San Diego State University

  10. BEFORE AFTER Paint, art, music, signs and music increased persistent stair use by 14% for $16,000 Source: Kerr et al, 2004

  11. Stair Use Statistics Stair Promotion Studies Motivational Signage Kerr J., Eves F., & Carroll D. (2001) Motivational Signage Anderson R. E., Franckowski S., et al (1998) Motivational Signage and Aesthetic Upgrades Boutelle, K., Jeffrey, R. W., Murray D. M., & Schmitz K. (2001) Percentage stair use

  12. Low Stair Use: 39.8% Stairs out of direct sight Must pass elevator to get to stairs Must turn to get to stairs Source: Nicoll 2006

  13. High Stair Use: 85.1% Stairs in direct view Elevator out of direct sight No turns to stairs

  14. Caltrans District 7 HeadquartersMorphosis Design 2004 750,000 square foot 1,700 state employees from the California Department of Transportation • Investigators: • Dr. Craig Zimring • Dr. Gayle Nicoll • Keith Jundanian • Selen Okcu • Dr. Sheila Bosch • Dr. William H. Kohl • Cheryl Fuller Figure 2: Photos of the Caltrans District 7 Headquarters Building Photo Credit: Gayle Nicoll Figure 3: Typical office plan of the Caltrans District 7 Headquarters Building

  15. Stair use in skip-stop core • 245 flights/day per stair • Used by 72% Fire stair use traditional core • 7.5 flights/day per stair

  16. CASE STUDY: STAIR DESIGN AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Office workers became more satisfied with skip stop elevators

  17. Site: Site Design “Pull” factors for walking • Good aesthetics • Visible sidewalks • Pedestrian amenities “Push” factors away from walking • Fear of crime • Weather • Not seeing others • Barriers • Distances over ¼ mile

  18. Research Question: What aspects of indoor and outdoor paths influence where people walk? A N J A L I J O S E P H Anjali JosephDissertation Research WHERE OLDER ADULTS WALK

  19. Preference for looped outdoor routes: • Small contained loops • Long smooth segments • Short distance traveled • Reasons – safety, views • Loops through nature • Many turns • Many short segments • Reasons – variations in scenery • Perimeter loops • Long, smooth segments • Long distance • Most Challenging • Reasons – exercise, distance traveled, views

  20. Considerations for designers: • Race tracks or loops • Routes of different lengths and challenge • Integrate nature trails • Eliminate barriers to transition from buildings • Access to community physical activity resources • Carefully design indoor corridors • Provide connections between campus buildings • Balance distance and convenience DESIGN IMPLICATIONS

  21. To Do Capitalize on stairs • Accessible • Visible • Pleasant • Point-of-decision prompts Take advantage of sites • Provide access to rec facilities • Add pull for walking: connections, amenities, aesthetics, visiblity • Reduce barriers: dim lighting, poor connections to buildings

  22. It’s all downhill from here

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