The Great War Begins

1. The Great War Begins

4. M.A.I.N. Causes • Militarism • Building of large armies, stockpiling weapons, glorification of military • Ex: Anglo-German naval arms race • Creates sense of confidence in power, desire to use military

5. M.A.I.N. Causes • Alliance System • System of agreements for defense • Small conflicts become big ones, pull other countries in

7. M.A.I.N. Causes • Alliance System • System of agreements for defense • Small conflicts become big ones, pull other countries in • Bismarck’s Alliances (Germany) • Allies with Austria-Hungary, Italy creating the “Triple Alliance” • Alliance with Russia • isolates France, avoids 2 front war • Kaiser Wilhelm II fires Bismarck, doesn’t renew alliance with Russia • Russia allies with France, Britain promises not to fight them creating the “Triple Entente”

9. M.A.I.N. Causes • Imperialism • Race for empire creates competition between European countries • Industrialization creates competition • German surpasses British industry

11. M.A.I.N. Causes • Nationalism • Devotion to one’s country or people • Can unify nations or break apart empires • “The Balkans Powder Keg”

14. M.A.I.N. Causes • Nationalism • Devotion to one’s country or people • Can unify nations or break apart empires B. “The Balkans Powder Keg” 1. Austria-Hungary controls land lost by Ottoman Empire 2. Slavic peoples in those places resent Austrian rule, desire Slavic nation “Pan-Slavism” a. Based in Serbia, Promoted by Russia

15. Immediate Cause • The Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand 6/28/1914 in Sarajevo • Shot by GavriloPrincip, a Serbian (Slavic) nationalist • A Member of “The Black Hand,” Slavic nationalist group desiring independence

16. Road to War Franz Ferdinand Assassinated Austria-Hungary demands to enter Serbia to investigate Serbia Refuses with promised support from Russia Germany gives A-H a “Blank Check” Austria declares war on Serbia 7/28/14 Russia mobilizes troops Germany declares war on Russia, then France

18. Schlieffen Plan

19. Germany asks to pass through Belgium to attack France, Belgium refuses Germany goes anyway, drawing Britain into war Germany slows, fights on two fronts Italy switches sides

41. The Great War Continues

42. The Western Front

43. Western Front • Battle of the Marne- halts German advance • Dooms Germany to 2 front war • Stalemate • Neither side able to gain advantage due to trench warfare

44. Western Front • High Casualties- A war of attrition • Ex: Verdun: 600,000 casualties (French) • Ex: Somme: 20,000 British dead on first day • Little Movement • Verdun gains 4 mi. • Somme gains 5 mi.

45. Eastern Front • More Mobile war • Russia Weakens due to high casualties • Not industrialized shortages of war materials • German U-Boats prevent aid from allies • Ties up Germany • Austrians defeat the Italians

47. Rest of the World • Fighting in Africa & Asia • Japan takes Germany’s possessions • Fighting between colonies in Africa • Middle East • British T.E. Lawrence helps Arabs fight Ottomans • Armenian genocide by the Turks • Australians try to take Gallipoli • To resupply the Russians • Defeated

49. The Great War Continues

50. Total War • The use of nearly all civilian and military resources for the war effort • War economies • Women take men’s place in factories • Governments control factories and rails for war effort • Industrialists make millions • Rationing • Government limits on consumption • Daylight Saving Time • Propaganda • Gov. advertising to persuade population