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HISTORY

HISTORY. OF JOURNALISM. BIRTH of journalism. History of JOURNALISM=history of TECHNOLOGY Every society spreads news… Story of Marathon (490 B.C.) Wandering minstrels (middle ages 400’s-1400’s). 1400’s. Printing press (around 1440) Gutenberg (Johann). 1500’s. CENSORSHIP! Henry VIII

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HISTORY

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  1. HISTORY OF JOURNALISM

  2. BIRTH of journalism • History of JOURNALISM=history of TECHNOLOGY • Every society spreads news… • Story of Marathon (490 B.C.) • Wandering minstrels (middle ages 400’s-1400’s)

  3. 1400’s • Printing press (around 1440) • Gutenberg (Johann)

  4. 1500’s • CENSORSHIP! • Henry VIII • List of prohibited books • Forced printers to obtain licenses • Arrests for sedition (rebelling against authority) • “unfitting worddes”

  5. 1600’s • 1610 – First weekly newspapers • Cologne and Vienna • 1644 – John Milton (poet) pleas for free speech (Areopagitica) • US later modeled free press rights after this • 1690 - First American newspaper starts/fails • Boston Publick Occurrences

  6. 1700’s • 1704 – First successful American newspaper • The Boston News-Letter • 1729 – BEN FRANKLIN Pennsylvania Gazette • Bold! Best paper! • Postriders (throughout 1700’s) delivered news • 1735 – Freedom of the press • John Paul Zenger – libel (NY Governor) acquitted! • 1765 – Stamp Act! • Raised prices 50%...repealed after violent protest • (Boston Tea Party 1773, Tea act 1773)

  7. 1700’s continued… • 1776—Declaration of Independence printed in more than 20 colonial newspapers • 1783—First DAILY U.S. newspaper • 1791—BILL OF RIGHTS! Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

  8. 1800’s • 1825 – First cylinder press!

  9. 1830’s • Homing pigeons! (500 mpd) • Pony Express!

  10. 1840’s • Telegraph! • Long-distance reporting • Fredrick Douglass • The North Star • Fighting slavery

  11. 1850’s • NEW YORK TIMES

  12. 1860-1870’s • HUNDREDS of reporters cover a big event • What was it? • Civil War! • First (practical) typewriter invented • 1876 • What was invented? • Telephone!

  13. 1880-90’s • First PHOTOGRAPH • First bylines • YELLOW Journalism • HEARST • PULITZER • WAR with Spain

  14. 1900’s • Early 1900’s--Mudrackers! Expose injustice! Write for REFORM! • 1920 – First regular RADIO SCHEDULE! • 1934 – ASSOCIATED PRESS (photos) • 1939 – Commercial TELEVISION • 1963 – Kennedy assassination watched by 96% of people who had TVs.

  15. 1900’s cont. • 1945 – 2,000 Americans owned televisions • 1960 – 90% of American homes had TV • Late 1960’s – Anti-war UNDERGROUND newspapers! • 1974 – Nixon brought down by investigative reporting. • 1976 – Apple II (home computer) • 1976 – Nintendo!

  16. 1900’s cont. • 1980 – Ted Turner– CNN! First 24-hour news channel • 1982 – USA Today • SHOCKING! • Short • Colorful • 1990’s – Internet wires the planet!

  17. What’s next? • WikiLeaks • Wikipedia • Print newspapers are dwindling • On-line news sources • Photos • Videos • Links • Interactive

  18. YOUR TASK! • Make a timeline! • Include 10 key events in the history of journalism. • Be creative! • Work alone or with a partner. • Make it memorable! • Suggestions: Inspiration…string and paper…PowerPoint…Timeglider.com…Comic Life…

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