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Warm Up

Warm Up. List the three methods waste is removed from our body. How is CO2 eliminated from out body? What structures are in the digestive and respiratory system? How does O2 enter into our circulatory system?. Respiratory System. Purpose -.

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up List the three methods waste is removed from our body. How is CO2 eliminated from out body? What structures are in the digestive and respiratory system? How does O2 enter into our circulatory system?

  2. Respiratory System

  3. Purpose- • Gas exchange of O2 and CO2 between the organism and the outside environment

  4. Requirements for Gas exchange at the respiratory surface: • Thin-walled–(so gases can freely diffuse across) • Moist- (O2 and CO2 must be in solution or dissolved) • In contact with O2 source-(outside environment) • In contact with transport system carrying dissolved gases (Circulatory system/Blood)

  5. Examples of gas respiratory surfaces used for exchange • Protists (Amoeba/Paramecium) • Surface: Cell membrane • Method: Simple direct diffusion through cell membrane to water • Earthworm • Surface: moist skin • Method: diffusion through moist mucus coated skin into blood vessels (has hemoglobin to help)

  6. Examples of gas respiratory surfaces used for exchange • Fish • Surface: Gills • Method: diffusion from water to blood vessels in the gills • Grasshopper • Surface: air tubes & sacs • Method: air comes in through spiracles, through the air tubes, moved by muscle contraction (no hemoglobin/blood used)

  7. Human Respiratory System • Surface: Moist air sacs (alveoli) • Method: diffusion across air sacs into blood stream (use hemoglobin to increase amount of O2 that blood can carry)

  8. Alveoli

  9. Structures:

  10. Structures:

  11. Structures:

  12. Breathing Process • Four Stages of Gas Exchange : 1. Breathing- movement of air in and out of the lungs • Inhalation - chest cavity increases • Diaphragm contracts (flattens) and lowers • Ribs raise up and out • Lungs inflate because during breathing negative pressurecreates a vacuum which “sucks” air into the lungs

  13. Four Stages of Gas Exchange : • Exhalation - chest cavity is decreases • Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward • Ribs drop down and in • Lungs deflate because positive pressurepushes the air outof the lungs

  14. Four Stages of Gas Exchange : 2. External respiration- exchange of gases between outside air and bloodstream in the air sacs • Mucus coats air sacs (alveoli) to moisten them • O2 diffuses across air sacs into capillaries of air sacs and CO2 diffuses in the opposite direction • O2 attaches itself to hemoglobin on the red blood cells

  15. Four Stages of Gas Exchange : 3.Transport- movement of gases in the blood between the cells to the lungs (circulatory system) 4. Internal respiration- exchange of gases between the blood stream and the cells of the body • At the capillaries, O2 diffuses into the intracellular fluid and then into the body cells & CO2 diffuses in the opposite direction

  16. CO2 Transport • 80% of CO2 dissolves in the Plasma and/or combines with water in the plasma to make carbonic acid (H2CO3) • 20% of CO2 is carried by hemoglobin back to lungs

  17. Respiratory Disorders • Asthma- severe allergic reaction where bronchioles go into spasm and squeeze air passages making it difficult to breathe • Treatment- medication (inhaler)

  18. Respiratory Disorders • Bronchitis- Bronchial tubes become irritated and swollen, and alveoli become swollen and clogged with mucus making it difficult to breathe • Treatment- antibiotics if bacterial infection

  19. Respiratory Disorders • Emphysema- lungs lose their elasticity and the air sacs become damaged and it leads to shallow breathing and even death. Most disease is caused by years of smoking. • Treatment- stop smoking and use of O2 tank for additional help

  20. Respiratory Disorders • Cystic Fibrosis- Body produces too much mucus and the person is unable to breathe and have frequent infections • Treatment- gene therapy

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