180 likes | 280 Views
India and SouthEast Asia. The Indian Subcontinent Monsoon – Indian Ocean Multiple harvests per year Indus Valley – arid, needs irrigation Trade with Arabia – Indonesia Indus River Valley Civilization fell 1900 BCE, writing, cause of fall?. I. Foundations of Indian Civilization.
E N D
The Indian Subcontinent Monsoon – Indian Ocean Multiple harvests per year Indus Valley – arid, needs irrigation Trade with Arabia – Indonesia Indus River Valley Civilization fell 1900 BCE, writing, cause of fall? I. Foundations of Indian Civilization
B. The Vedic Age, 1500 – 500 BCE • Vedas • Indo – European invasions • Oral traditions • Aryas – light – north – Indo - European • Dasas – dark – south – Dravidian • Varna • Class, caste, and jati • Atman, reincarnation, karma • Sacrifice/male gods • Rig Veda, Brahmanas • Sanskrit – ORAL • Women
What impact did the Aryan invasions starting in the 1600s have on the Indian subcontinent? • Compare and contrast the Indian caste system with the use of slavery in Greece and Rome.
700 BCE – spiritual opposition Moksha, Upanishads Jainism (Mahavira) Siddhartha Guatama (563 – 483 BCE) Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path LIVE IN MODERATION Nirvana – release Later – hierarchy, institutions Buddha/Bodhisatvas Influence of Greeks on depictions Mahayana (Great Vehicle) Theravada (Teachings of the Elders) C. Challenges to the Old Order: Jainism and Buddhism
4th c. CE - Vedic tradition adjusted (north and south) Gods/worshippers Vishnu Shiva Devi Diversity – unity Temples, puja, pilgrimage, festivals Impact of class on worship New expectations of life/duties Inclusion of Buddhism/Jainism D. The Rise of Hinduism
Compare and contrast the impact that Buddhism and Hinduism had on the individual worshipper.
Difficulty in obtaining POLITICAL unity The Mauryan Empire, 324 – 184 BCE 600 BCE - Many kingdoms Magadha most powerful, Ganges plain Chandragupta Arthashastra Administration (taxes, governors, army, mines, urban committees) Pataliputra Ashoka – Buddhism, nonviolence, religious tolerance II. Imperial Expansion and Collapse, 324 BCE – 650 CE
Why was the Mauryan Empire the first to achieve political unity in India?
Foreign powers: Greco – Bacrian, Shakas, Kushans Political fragmentation BUT active commerce/trade Ramayana and Mahabharata (Bhagavad – Gita) Tension: duty to society vs. soul Disciplined action – service – release from reincarnation Indian doctors Linguistics – Sanskrit Andhra Dynasty/Three Tamil Kingdoms Classical Period (arts) B. Commerce and Culture in an Era of Political Fragmentation
How does the Bhagavad – Gita demonstrate the impact that Buddhism had on Vedic traditions?
C. The Gupta Empire, 320 – 550 CE • Modeled on Mauryans • Chandra Gupta (r. 320 – 325) – control over commerce, resources, monopolies • Subjects – labor • Bureaucracy in CORE, governors exploited periphery, army ensured tribute • “Theater – state” – benefits of empire • Mathematics, sciences • Women: property, education, marriage, sati • Options: nun or courtesan • Monarchs: Hindus • Resurgence: Vedic practices, Brahmin priests, class and caste, temples • Commerce • Collapse - Huns
Does the “theater – state” model entirely explain how the Gupta Empire was able to control a vast array of kingdoms under its rule? Explain why or why not.
III. Southeast Asia, 50 – 600 CE • Geographical Areas • Climate, agricultural practices, products • Malay peoples (3000 BCE) – migration, navigational skills • Rainforests, bronze, water (councils) • Chinese control: N. Indochina • Commerce and Hindu – Buddhist Culture • New trade route – silk • Route: South China Sea – Malay Peninsula – Bay of Bengal - India • Later goods: woods, spices, etc.
Commerce brought culture Missionaries, pilgrims Indian knowledge/arts Funan (1st – 6th c. CE) Economic center: agriculture and trade Strategic location Decline II. Continued…