C:AVA Tanzania

1. C:AVA Tanzania Andrew Westby, Kolawole Adebayo (Natural Resources Institute, UK) Grace Mahende (TFNC, Tanzania)

2. C:AVA strives to reduce rural party by developing a competitive High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) industry based on market-led production and processing Increase the incomes of more than 100,000 smallholder householdsand processing employees by improving and developing HQCF value chains over five years Why cassava? Why HQCF? • HQCF is a new opportunity for small-holder farmers and processors • Less capital equipment investment than e.g. starch; builds on existing processing knowledge • multiple market outlets for food and industrial use. • Produced primarily by poor farmers • Drought resistant, flexible in harvesting and planting, less inputs than other crops, often consider a woman’s crop and hence benefitting them • Cassava farmers have restricted market access for produce, because roots are perishable, bulky, and expensive to transport

4. Cassava: Adding Value for Africa project Gibraltar Tunisia Morocco Algeria Egypt • Five countries • Five years • Over 75 partners • Lead partner per country • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Libya West Sahara North Africa Mauritania Eritrea Niger Mali Chad Senegal Gambia Burkina Faso Djibouti Sudan Guinea-Bissau 2 Nigeria Guinea Somalia Sierra Leone Côte d' Ivoire Ethiopia Central African Republic Ghana Liberia Cameroon Togo Benin Kenya Equatorial Guinea Kongo Rwanda Uganda Sao Tome and Principe Gabon 10 Kongo (Zaire) Burundi Tanzania Seychelles Comoros Angola Mayotte Malawi Zambia Madagascar Zimbabwe Namibia Botswana 4 Mozambique Swaziland South Africa* Lesotho

5. Main inputs Service providers capacity strengthening Intermediaries (private sector) • Support farmer organisations- Increase cassava productivity- Support Village Processing Units- Ensure quality • Business development services- Financial services- Technical support in processing- Ensure quality • Technical support in adopting HQCF-Financial services Value chain HQCF Farmers/Farmer Processors Grow cassava and sell semi-processed product to intermediary Bakeries – replacing wheat with HQCF Semi-processed product Roots Grated roots Village Processing Units Benefits End-users:- Increased profitability- Lower consumer prices Nationally- Reduced imports Intermediaries- Business opportunity - Employment Rural areas- Increased farmer incomes - Employment Food processing industry using HQCF

6. Cassava Peel/wash Grate Press Pressed cake Dry Cassava grits Mill and bag HQCF

7. Progress so far • Established value chains in each of the C:AVA countries. • Increasing productionof HQCF and other products. • Increasing numbers of beneficiaries Total HQCF produced, 2009-2013 Tons HQCF 2009 10 11 12

8. C:AVA in Tanzania Lead Partner: Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre Other local partnerships: UPT KIMAS; DALDOS, SIDO Project location: Southern Tanzania Cassava production 5.5 million metric tonnes/year Mkamilo and Jermiah (2005)

9. In Tanzania, C:AVA has developed processing from scratch and overcome a non-receptive business community to help sell farmers improved yields Situation at project start Interventions • Established 13.5ha of demonstration plot on cassava agronomy to 36 farmer groups. • Yield improvement to an average of 15t/ha. • Low yields (less than 10t/ha) HQCF produced, 2009-2012 Tons • Upgraded equipment • 18 village processing groups with food grade equipment capacity. • Trained in processing • Low capacity cassava processing equipment and low quality cassava flour 2009 10 11 2012 278T in 2012/13 so far. • Non-receptive • business community (local cassava flour processors) Year 1. Mentored intermediary (aggregators). Year 3. Mentored 9 cassava processors

10. C:AVA interventions increased cassava root yield led to better profit margins for farmers and processors in Tanzania

11. Farmers/village processors. • Producing to volume and moving HQCF from the processing sites to end markets , was difficult. In Tanzania, C:AVA has overcome the geographic distance to end-users by developing a private sector intermediary and by focusing on both local and distant markets Biscuit manufacturing purchasing 20t/month Intermediate aggregator/processor Mentored intermediary to bulk and transport. To large markets Agro-processors Extending credit to village processors Formed village processors network to facilitate collective action Trained 90 rural bakers to expand the local market within Mtwara.

12. Progress to date. • Impact study – next year. • 62 farmers groups and 37 processors groups • 3,000 members • 258 tonnes of HQCF so far this year (6 months). • Increased levels of cassava production – resilience to external shocks. • Increased incomes – either as farmers or processors. • Contributing to dietary diversity • Contribute to paying school and health bills. 2009 10 11 2012

13. In Tanzania the HQFC market is under-supplied and huge potential was found for cassava chips (for animal feed) Low feasibility High potential opportunities Case example: Tanzania research study High feasibility Definition Opportunities PotentialMarket Size (tons of roots p.a.) Feasibility • Untapped market opportunities using HQCF, cassava chips, or other products not requiring significant processing Animal feed (improved makopa) 170,000 Large scale mills (HQCF) 100,000 Home consumption (HQCF) 75,000 Immediate wins Small-scale mills (grits) 50,000 Biscuit manufacture (HQCF) 30,000 Bakeries (HQCF) 14,000 Traditional beer (improved makopa) 11,000 • Other non-HQCF products that may require significant processing and launch time Native starch (export) 228,000 Long-term bets Clear beer (HQCF) 4,400 There may be significant potential to target the animal feed industry in the near term plus read demand in the biscuit, bakery and traditional beer sectors • Products that would not be feasible due to costs or investment required Syrups (beverages / sweets) Starches (paper, paint, textiles, pharmaceuticals) Snacks Non-starter

14. The animal feed sector could be a major demand driver for cassava in Tanzania and Uganda • Sources of animal feed demand • Increased poultry consumption • Increased small scale poultry and dairy keeping in urban areas • Growing interest in aquaculture • Tanzanian poultry population growing 9% annually • Milk production doubling every 5 years in Tanzania New small and medium scale poultry feed mills are opening in Tanzania and Uganda

15. Improved traditional dried cassava chips (‘Makopa’) would drive demand for cassava in East Africa • Most excess cassava turned into Makopa to prevent total loss • Quality very poor • Many industries don’t need HQCF quality flour • Large volumes available quickly • Therefore, ‘improved makopa’ Traditional ‘Makopa’ represents some quality challenges Large volumes of ‘Makopa’ are traded around the Great Lakes

16. Inclusion of HQCF in industrial wheat flour could drive cassava demand and replace expensive imports Wheat flour being delivered to a biscuit factory in the lake zone – we could replace this New bakeries are emerging who can use HQCF

17. Conclusions • Cassava has an important role in feeding the growing populations of Tanzania • Quality not just quantity. • Prospect for meeting urban demand for high quality cassava product and substitute imported products.