11 November 1918 (11 O’Clock )

1. 11 November 1918 (11 O’Clock) The Armistice is signed to end fighting in WW1. Can you give one reason for the armistice? Can you give one term of the armistice?

2. January 1919 – The Paris Peace Conference begins in the Palace of Versailles. The ‘Big Three’ meet to decide what to do with the defeated Germany. Who were the big three? What did each leader/country want to achieve? Can you give some of Wilson’s 14 points. Can you give 3 military, 3 economic and 3 territorial terms of the TofV? Can you explain at least 3 ways Germans reacted to the TofV?

3. Spring 1919 – Summer 1920 – Treaties of Saint Germain (Aus), Neuilly (Bulg), Trianon (Hung) and Sevres (Turkey). Treaties were signed with each of the countries that had fought with Germany. Can you give one term of each treaty?

4. January 1920 – First meeting of the League of Nations LoN was set up as part of the League of Nations. Can you give 3 aims of the League? Can you give 3 features of the League’s organisation? Can you give 3 weaknesses of the League?

5. 1921 – Aaland Islands dispute Sweden and Finland fell out about who controlled the Aaland Islands. The LoN solved the conflict in its first real success. Can you describe one feature of the Aaland Islands dispute?

6. January 1923 – French Occupation of the Ruhr French troops occupied the industrial area of Germany known as the Ruhr after Germany failed to make reparations payments. Can you describe 3 features of the French occupation of the Ruhr?

7. 1923 – Corfu Crisis Italy used the murder of one of their Generals (Tellini) as an excuse to invade the Greek island of Corfu. Greece appealed to the LoN who ordered Italy to leave, but Mussolini ignored them. In the end Greece were asked to pay Italy compensation? Can you remember the key features of this failure of the League?

8. 1925 – Bulgaria Incident Some Greek soldiers were killed in a border incident with Bulgaria. Greek troops invaded Bulgaria. The LoN ordered them to leave. They did! A success for the League.

9. 1928 – Kellogg-Briand Pact 65 countries signed a pact to avoid using war to solve disputes. Then they ignored it!!

10. 1929 – Wall Street Crash and Great Depression The economic collapse in America leads to depression worldwide. Can you describe how the depression impacted on at least 3 different countries?

11. 1932 – Manchurian Crisis Japan used an explosion close to a railway they ran in Manchuria (Southern China) as an excuse to invade Manchuria. Can you explain the crisis and how the LoN failed to deal effectively with the crisis?

12. 1932 – Manchurian Crisis Japan used an explosion close to a railway they ran in Manchuria (Southern China) as an excuse to invade Manchuria. Can you explain the crisis and how the LoN failed to deal effectively with the crisis?

13. 1933 – Hitler becomes Chancellor Hitler is elected as Chancellor of Germany and his first move in foreign policy was to withdraw from the LoN disarmament conference in October. Can you explain at least 3 of Hitler’s aims?

14. 1933 – Hitler becomes Chancellor Hitler is elected as Chancellor of Germany and his first move in foreign policy was to withdraw from the LoN disarmament conference in October and began to rearm Germany. Can you explain at least 3 of Hitler’s aims?

15. 1935 – Abyssinian Crisis Italy invaded Abyssinia. The League told Italy to leave but Mussolini ignored them. The League could not agree to impose sanctions. The Hoare-Laval Pact then agreed to give most of Abyssinia to Italy! Can you explain the events of the crisis and the League’s failure?

16. 1936 – Re-militarisation of the Rhineland Hitler sent just 22,000 troops into the Rhineland with orders to retreat if they met any resistance – but the British and French did nothing to stop them! Can you describe 3 key features of this event?

17. 1938 - Anschluss Hitler united Germany with Austria (Anschluss) by first encouraging the Austrian Nazi party to stir up demands for a union. Then he invaded. Britain and France did nothing. Can you describe one feature of this event?

18. 1938 – Sudetenland and the Munich Agreement Hitler wanted the Sudetenland in Cz to be part of Germany. He got Nazis in the Sudetenland to stir up trouble then threatened invasion. Chamberlain flew to Germany 3 times to try to solve the crisis and avoid war. As a result of the Munich Agreement Germany were allowed to take control of the Sudetenland. This was another example of Britain’s policy of appeasement.

19. 1938 – Sudetenland and the Munich Agreement Hitler wanted the Sudetenland in Cz to be part of Germany. He got Nazis in the Sudetenland to stir up trouble then threatened invasion. Chamberlain flew to Germany 3 times to try to solve the crisis and avoid war. As a result of the Munich Agreement Germany were allowed to take control of the Sudetenland. This was another example of Britain’s policy of appeasement. Can you give 3 reasons for appeasement?

20. March 1939 - Czechoslovakia Hitler seized control of the rest of Czechoslovakia.

21. Early summer 1939 – Britain guarantees Poland Chamberlain moves away from appeasement and guarantees to defend Poland if Germany tried to invade.

22. August 1939 – Nazi-Soviet Pact Ribbentrop and Molotov agree the pact in which the two great powers agreed not to fight one another and agreed to carve up Poland between them. The Soviet-Union had wanted an alliance with Britain but Britain were reluctant.

23. September 1st 1939 – Germany invade Poland Hitler was so full of confidence he believed he could invade Poland and Britain would still not declare war.

24. September 3rd 1939 – Britain declare war on Germany Hitler did not meet Britain’s demands to withdraw from Germany. Britain declared war.