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Cyberbullying in Spain. Findings of the DAPHNE II Programme Project. Rosario Ortega Juan Calmaestra Joaquin Mora-Merchán With the col. of Paz Elipe Rosario Del Rey. METHOD: Sample. 1671 students (7 Secondary and High Schools) Age (M): 14.45 94.1% Owns a Mobile Phone
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Cyberbullying in Spain Findings of the DAPHNE II Programme Project Rosario Ortega Juan Calmaestra Joaquin Mora-Merchán With the col. of Paz Elipe Rosario Del Rey
METHOD: Sample 1671 students (7 Secondary and High Schools) Age (M): 14.45 94.1% Owns a Mobile Phone 82.7% Has access to a Computer
VICTIMS & AGGRESSORS • Cyberbullying
VICTIMS Occa. Severe 7.5% 3.2% 3.5% 12.4% 0.5% 3.7% 6.2% 1.3%
Emotionalprofiles(onlyvictims) DIRECT BULLYING
EmotionalProfilesof Indirect and Cybervictims Internet Indirect Bullying Mobile phone
Conclusion and Discussion • The emotional profiles of cybervictimitation are similar to the indirect bullying. • The cyberbullying could be characterized as an indirect form of bullying (Slonje & Smith, 2008). • How can we interpreted the differences found between emotional profiles in direct bullying and in the other types of bullying? • Heterogeneity of behaviours included in direct bullying • The face-to-face characteristic could make the emotional information in the interactions episodes more “readable”.
SUMMARY • Prevalence of cyberbullying in Spanish young people is still lower than the traditional bullying (nearly half of the traditional cybervictims). • Instant Messaging (Internet) and nasty call (mobile phone) are the most common form of cyber-harassment. • Gender -as traditional bullying- is important, but age does not follow the traditional trends (to peak on 15 year old using mobil phone and maintenance by using the Internet). • Lasting of cybervictimization is shorter than in traditional one. • A high numbers of cyberaggressors remain on anonimity (specially using the Internet) • An small group of students overlap, suffering all kind, traditional and cyber, victimisation.
III Cyberbullying in adolescence: investigation and intervention in six European Countries Rosario Ortega Rosario Del Rey Juan Calmaestra Jose Antonio Casas Marta Villodre With collaboration: Joaquín Mora-Merchán Paz Elipe
Contributions to Daphne III • Aims: • Investigation • Intervention • Dissemination
Investigation • The Spanish team has already collected 1669 Daphne questionnaires from 7 secondary and high schools. Are more necessaries?
Investigation • Having in mind the intervention we would like to administrate to the students: • Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) on Internet. Adaptation of the Davis (1980, 1983): IRI, validated to study empathy and pro-social behaviour linked • CAPIC: Questionnaire about self-steem, prosocial behaviour, internet compulsive use and cyberbullying. • Discussing group about positive uses of ICT and about how can be used to cope with cyberbullying.
Intervention • Based on the pro-social use of Internet. • Aims: • to develop adolescent pro-social behaviour • to reduce adolescent anti-social behaviour • to reduce adolescent implication in cyberbullying
Intervention • Beginning of October: pre-test in three secondary schools • From October until May: develop of the intervention • Students • Teachers • Parents • End of May: Pos-test
Material • New materials • Protocol of cyberbullying designed with a multidisciplinary groups of professionals (EMICI): lawyer, journalist, computer Technician,
Dissemination • Edition of material for students, teachers and parents • Participation in International Congress: • Final seminar • Articles