21-CLI Health and medicine

1. 21-CLI Health and medicine Anorexia

2. Group Members • Monika • Chetana • Poonam • Pratibha • Sayani • Mukesh • Ashish • Ravyansh • Rizwaan • Dashrath

3. Roles • Group Leader : Monika • Internet Researchers : Sayani & Pratibha • Library Researchers : Chetana & Mukesh • Surveyors : Poonam & Ashish • Reporters : Dashrath & Rizwaan • Editors : Monika & Ravyansh • Presenters : Sayani, Pratibha & Mukesh

4. How we worked • First of all Sayani and Pratibha searched information about Anorexia from the internet. • Chetana and Mukesh went to nearby libraries and searched about this topic. • Dashrath and Rizwaan collected news and reports from television, newspapers and magazines. • Poonam and Ashish took the views of the local people about it. • Monika compiled all the collections. • Ravyansh and Monika edited all the works and gave to the presenters i.e. Sayani, Pratibha and Mukesh. • Lastly the presenters made this PowerPoint Presentation.

5. Introduction

6. What is Anorexia • Anorexia Nervosa is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes an eating disorder often resulting in dangerous weight loss and body image distortion, in which a person especially a girl or woman doesn’t eat or eats too little, because they fear becoming fat . • The most defining features of Anorexia is controlling body weight through means of voluntary starvation, purging, vomiting, exclusive exercise or other weight control measures like diet pills accompanied by the patients misperception that they are actually overweight. Emotional manifestations may range from a neurotic overreaction to a weight reduction diet to full blown schizophrenic delusions resulting in the abhorrence of food. Anorexia Nervosa is a complex condition involving , psychological, neurobiological and sociological component.

7. Origin of the word Anorexia • The term Anorexia is of Greek origin: a (άprefix of negation) n (v, link between two vowels) and orexia (appetite). Thus meaning a lack of desire to eat.

8. Misconception about the word Anorexia • Anorexia Nervosa is frequently shorten to Anorexia in both the popular media and television reports. This is technically incorrect as the term Anorexia used separately refers to the medical symptoms of reduced appetite.

9. Anorexia Data • It primarily affects adolescent females, however approximately 10% of people with the diagnosis are males.

10. Symptoms • Not wanting or refusing to eat in public. • Anxiety • Weakness • Brittle skin • Shortness of breath • Obsessiveness about calorie intake.

11. Feature of Anorexia Excessive Exercise

12. Causes

13. Psychological • Anorexic eating behaviour is thought to originate from feeling of fatness and unattractiveness and is maintained by various cognitive biases that alter now the affected individual evaluates and thinks about their body, food and eating. • People with Anorexia tend to over-estimate the size or fatness of their own bodies. They wrong thinking about their physical structure. They look a type of overconfidence in which the majority of people feel themselves more attractive than others would rate them.

14. Genetic • Genetic factors contribute to about 50%of the development of an eating disorder like Anorexia Nervosa. • Family and twin studies has suggested that genes influencing both eating regulation, and personality and emotion, may be important contributory factors.

15. Neurobiological • A recent review of the scientific literature has suggested that Anorexia is linked to a disturbed serotonin system, particularly to high levels at areas in the brain with the 5HT receptor-a system particularly linked to anxiety, mood and impulse control. • Starvation has been hypothesized to be a response to these effect, which, in turn, might reduce serotonin levels and hence, ward off anxiety. • Disturbances in brain neuro-chemistry may be as much the result of starvation, than continuously existing traits that might predispose someone to develop Anorexia.

16. Nutritional • Zinc deficiency is also a cause of Anorexia Nervosa as it cause a decrease in appetite that an degenerate in Anorexia Nervosa, appetite disorder, etc. • Deficiency of other nutrients such as tyrosine and tryptophas as well as vitamin B1 could contribute to this phenomenon.

17. Treatment • The first line treatment for Anorexia is usually focused on immediate weight gain especially with those who have particularly serious conditions that require hospitalization. In serious cases, this may be done an involuntary hospital treatment under mental health law, where legislation exists. • In the majority of cases, however, people with Anorexia are treated as outpatients ,with input from physicians, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and mental health professionals. • Psychotherapy- is an effective form of treatment of Anorexia Nervosa. It can lead to restoration of weight, return of menses among female patients and improved psychological and social functioning when compared simple support or education programs.

18. Family Therapy has also been found to be an effective treatment for adolescents with Anorexia. • Drug treatment such as SSRI or other antidepressant medication, have not been found to be generally effecting for either treating Anorexia but it is common however, antidepressants to be prescribed, often with the intent of trying to treat the associated anxiety and depression. • Supplementation with 14mg/day of Zinc is also recommended as routine treatment for Anorexia Nervosa due to a study showing a doubling of weight regain after treatment with Zinc was begun.

19. Treatment Consult to the doctor at the right time.

20. Effects • The patient goes down into starvation mode. • Nutrition deficiency is found in the patient. • The body slows down to conserve energy. • Slowly it losts its immune system. • The body gradually becomes weak. • Anorexia can also lead the patient to death.

21. Prevention • There is no way to prevent Anorexia Nervosa. Early treatment may be the best way. Knowing early signs and seeking immediate treatment is the only way to prevent Anorexia.

22. Survey

23. Survey Questionnaire • Have you heard about Anorexia? • What do you know about it? • What do think is the treatment of Anorexia? • i) Gaining weight • ii) Treatment by medicine • iii) Junk food • What do you think is the cause of Anorexia? • i) It is genetic • ii) It is psychological • What are the harmful effects of Anorexia? • Do you think that Anorexia is a dangerous disease or it is a casual problem?

24. Survey Report • Questions were asked from 25 people. Out of 25 people only 6 people were aware of Anorexia. Out of these 6 people, 2 were doctors and 4 were students of medical science. Maximum people heard the name of Anorexia for the first time. Some illiterate people said that it is a curse of god. Some people think that it is a casual problem. According to doctors it is a dangerous physiological and psychological diagnosis.

25. Report (Newspaper) MUMBAI MIRROR

26. 26-year-old who walked herself down to 19 kg • Lauren Bailey was so addicted to burning calories that she used to pace up and down her street from 6am to 6pm. • LONDON: Anorexic Lauren Bailey weighed just 19 kg – after a bizarre compulsion that saw her walk up to 12 hours a day. • Lauren grew so thin that at one stage hospital doctors gave her hours to live. • Yet even during 18 months in hospital she secretly exercised, a habit she grew hooked on when she developed Anorexia at 14. • Lauren now 26 and a healthier 38 kg, said, “I’ve had anxiety, depression and obsessiveness compulsive disorder since I was a child. I’d walk the streets from 6am to 6pm and go up and down any stair I could find. I shouldn’t have bee able to walk that far. It was the Anorexic adrenaline. The youngster was so addicted to burning calories that at home she would avoid sitting and would frantically pace her room. • Lauren, of Witham, Essex, added, “It got out of control. It wasn’t about wanting to disappear.” • Her low point came in 2004 when she plummeted to three stone and was admitted to hospital. • She said, “I was moved to an eating disorders unit and they didn’t think I’d make it through the night.” • She was discharged but needed a further 18-month spell in Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, where medics sectioned her because she kept leaving to exercise.

27. Lauren who finally left last year, said. “I still have problems but I’m enjoying • life now. I want give others hope that they can get over Anorexia and rebuilt their lives.” • OLD FACTS • 3,600 therapists are being recruited over the next three years. • 60 per cent of OCD sufferers show improvement when they are given medication. • One in three cases of OCD begins in childhood. • FAMOUS SUFFERERS • Some famous people who suffered from the disorder include biologist Charles Darwin, nurse Florence Nightingale and poet John Bunyan.

29. The End