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Power production in Norway

Hybrid power production systems – integrated solutions Olav Bolland Professor Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) KIFEE-Symposium, Kyoto, November 15-17, 2004 Materials and Processes for Environment and Energy. Power production in Norway. National grid: 99.5% hydropower

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Power production in Norway

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  1. Hybrid power production systems– integrated solutionsOlav BollandProfessorNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)KIFEE-Symposium, Kyoto, November 15-17, 2004Materials and Processes for Environment and Energy

  2. Power production in Norway • National grid: 99.5% hydropower • 27000 MW - 120 TWh/a • Per capita: 6 kW - 27000 kWh/a • Offshore oil/gas: mechanical power and local grids • 3000 MW gas turbine power - 10 TWh/a • Future: • Wind power: 2002-2010 +3 TWh/a • More hydropower: potential YES • acceptance NO • Natural gas power: potential YES problem is CO2 • CO2 is a hot issue!! • Dependence on import of coal & nuclear power?

  3. Power related research at NTNU • Grid and production optimisation: Scandinavian electricity market • Hydropower technology 1) pumping turbines 2) small-scale turbines • Wind power • PV – material technology • Fuel cells – PEM and SOFC • Biomass gasification combined with gas engines and SOFC • Natural gas • optimal operation of gas turbines (oil/gas production) • NOx emissions • CO2 capture and storage

  4. Hybrid power production systems– integrated solutions • Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) integrated with a Gas Turbine • Potential for very high fuel-to-electricity efficiency • Cogeneration of Hydrogen and Power, with CO2 capture • using hydrogen-permeable membrane • Power generation with CO2 capture • using oxygen-transport membrane Examples where advanced material technology is the key to improved energy conversion technologies

  5. SOFC model SOFC/GTSolid Oxide Fuel Cell integrated in Gas TurbinePart-load and off-design performanceControl strategiesDynamic performance EXHAUST Natural gas RECIRCULATION PreReformer SOFC AIR Anode REMAINING FUEL Generator Afterburner DC/ AC AIR Cathode Turbine Air Compressor AIR

  6. SOFC model

  7. Anode Electrolyte Cathode Air supply tube 0 r Air Fuel Air Modelling of the Temperature Distribution • Gas streams are modelled in 1D • Solid is modelled in 2D

  8. Anode Electrolyte Cathode Air supply tube 0 r Air Fuel Air Mass balance and reaction kinetics

  9. Anode Electrolyte Cathode Air supply tube 0 r Air Fuel Air Electrochemistry and losses

  10. Overall system model Heat exchange between prereformer and anode surface Prereformer is modelled as a Gibbs reactor EXHAUST Natural gas Thermal inertia and gas residence times included in the heat exchanger models RECIRCULATION PreReformer SOFC AIR Anode REMAINING FUEL Generator Afterburner DC/ AC AIR Cathode Turbine Air Compressor AIR Map-based turbine model High-frequency generator Shaft mass inertia accounted for Map-based compressor model

  11. Performance maps with optimised line of operationaccording to a given criteria Line of operation for load change

  12. Dynamic performance of SOFC/GT Air delivery tube Air inlet Air outlet Cathode air Cathode, Electrolyte, Anode Fuel inlet

  13. CO2 capture and storagewhat are the possibilities? Source: Draft IPCC report ’CO2 capture and storage’

  14. Membrane reforming reactorIdea

  15. Membrane reforming reactorprinciple Hot exhaust Exhaust Heat transfer surface Q high pressure Hydrogen lean gas out (H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, H2) CH4+H2O  CO+3H2 Feed: CH4, H2O CO+H2O  CO2+H2 Membrane permeate Q H2 Sweep gas (H2O) Sweep gas + H2 (+CO2, CO, CH4) low pressure

  16. Condenser Membrane reforming reactorin a Combined Cycle with CO2-captureProducts: Power and Hydrogen 800 °C CO2/steam turbine CO2 to compression Q SF 67 bar MSR-H2 Condenser H2 H2O PRE HRSG Exhaust H2 as GT fuel C 1328°C H2 for external use ST Air Gas Turbine Generator NG Source: Kvamsdal, Maurstad, Jordal, and Bolland, "Benchmarking of gas-turbine cycles with CO2 capture", GHGT-7, 2004

  17. High-temperature membrane foroxygen production Cryogenic Distillation Compression Heat exchange N2 N2 O2 O2 Air Air Air Oxygen transport membrane O2 Air Oxygen depleted air

  18. Membrane technology application in GT with CO2 capture Ion-transport membrane (O2) in reformer H2 selective membrane in water/gas-shift reactor

  19. Thank you!

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