Using GIS and LIS for Planning Sustainable Development Bepic Group – CHOGM, Malta 2005

1. Using GIS and LIS for Planning Sustainable Development Bepic Group– CHOGM, Malta 2005 THE APPLICATION OF GIS AND LIS Solutions and Experiences in East Africa Lenny Kivuti 21 November, 2005 Presented by Emily Njeru

2. Relevance of GIS and LIS in Development GIS and LIS terminologies are understood to imply computerized systems. Composite driver encompassing computing and information base as a tool for achieving specific development goals.

3. The experience… in Kenya and Rwanda Application of GIS and LIS in East Africa

4. Background Land administration based on dissimilar & multiple legislation • Inherited English law • Inherited Indian law • Inherited African customary law • New National laws e.g. Registered Land Act - Kenya

5. Background Systematic mismanagement of existing manual LIS • Records not complete • Hardcopy records not well maintained

6. Traditionally applied mainly in areas such as • Environmental management • Ecological management • Wildlife management Background GIS and LIS not viewed as solution tools in land information management • Implemented mainly by Central government with financing from donors

7. Background Lack of capacity for local government to implement a turn- a- round. • Financial • Institutional • Human resources

8. Background Perennial budget deficit in Local Governments • Incapacity to deliver services • Mistrust between tax payers and the LAs • Litigation instituted by unsatisfied tax payers

9. Solution • Introduction GIS & LIS - GeoManager • Establishment Public-Private- Partnership

10. An Integrated Approach “Introducinga New Approach to City & Land Information Management in Developing Countries”

11. Customer Registration Customer Tracking Register Update Land Allocation Land Rates Valuation Land Registration Conveyancing Searches and Reports File retrieval Searches Archive Data indexing Customer relationship management Land information management Document management Building Database Spatial Data Archive Data Capture Rental Tax Business Licences Property Tax Occupation Permits Data capture Billing District Connectivity Central Database GEODATABASE SQL/ORACLE The GeoManager Solution….

12. Political factors • Constraining tax laws • Time for legal reforms • Lack of enforcement mechanisms • Economic factors • Budgetary provisions • Poverty levels • Social factors • Mistrust of LAs by taxpayers • Infrastructural factors • Data security • Lack of physical infrastructure Constraints

13. Achievements • Data integrity • Improved revenue collection • Sustainability of the programs • Quality and speedy service delivery • Training and capacity building

14. Achievements • Acceptability –’Seeing is believing’ after the success of kigali programme the acceptability level is higher in the region evidenced by signing of mombasa and nairobi the largest cities in Kenya • Capacity to embrace other emerging technologies –e.g. internet is to be used for dissemination of information to city residents • Environmental sustainability –the GIS is used in physical planning to ensure the optimum development of the urban land. • Public awareness –campaigns carried out to correct misinformation in the public domain and increase the trust between tax payers and LAs

15. Kigali City Challenges • Lack of records -The war left many records destroyed/defaced/manipulated • Lack of spatial data –No fixed surveys carried out before. All digital data developed from scratch • Informal settlements –Historically the land administration system in Kigali was not systemized and after the genocide the influx of the Diaspora triggered unplanned development • Fast evolving tax laws

16. Kigali City Challenges • Lack of qualified human resource • Financial resource-Land and municipal tax base below 30% • Poor Tax enforcement mechanisms • Internal and political resistance • Lack of all types of physical infrastructure

17. Kigali City Successes Unique in East Africa because the KCC carries out both Land administration and delivery of municipal services • The most comprehensive systemdeveloped to cover all land administration issues and service delivery • Differential Global Positioning System used in fixed surveys • Improvement of revenue collection by 600%developed to cover all land administration issues and service delivery • Regularization of land ownerships -Security of tenure • Development of a new City Masterplan

18. Mombasa City Challenges • Poor computing infrastructure • Inadequate qualified human resource • Systematic internal fraud • Nearly 40% of land ownership not known • Budgetary deficit • Poor legal enforcement mechanisms • Inadequate data

19. Mombasa City Successes • Political acceptance • Complete spatial database done • New valuation roll in process of automation • Quick implementation of all billing modules • Data integrity and set up of security systems • Establishment customer oriented service delivery • Successful attribute data clean up procedures

20. Most difficult site to implement the GIS • Political interference • Internal resistance • Orchestrated and well planned fraud • Legal constraints • Existing computerized system was inadequate • Lack of integration of the information from various departments • The human resource was limited in ICT • The system was generally outdated and inflexible and therefore could not meet new demands. • Inadequate spatial & attribute data – • Missing and poorly maintained information • Outdated data • Conflicting data with Ministry of lands Nairobi City Challenges

21. Nairobi City Challenges • Financial resources- Though the revenue base is large, taxes remained largely uncollected (40%) • External resistance & litigation –bydefaulting residents with large tax arrears • High level of data insecurity

22. Nairobi City Successes • Complete spatial database almost done • Support by council administration • Implementation of customer service desk for land rates • Fast service delivery in land rates • Data integrity and set up of security systems • Successful attribute data clean up procedures

24. Real time kinematic collection of survey data GPS base Station Land allocation, Registration and demarcation has been made fast by….. ……. adoption of the modern technology in executing previously time consuming tasks like surveying.

25. Automation of Tasks ……. Such as production of deed plans saves a lot of time

26. …..Consolidatation of information in central location 888 JEAN CLAUDE KAMANZI Plot Number 888 Plot Number 888

27. Comment on other sites (Kampala and Dar es salaam) • Different Approach taken • Donor funded systems • Lengthy Execution time • Sustainability not achieved due lack of participatory approach

28. Conclusion • GIS and LIS can be used to achieve sustainable development • Application of GIS and LIS effectively addresses MDG1, MDG7 and MDG8 MDG 1- poverty eradication - Improvement of the security of tenure on land improve access to credit. MDG 8- Ensure environmental sustainability – GIS as tool for Physical planning of the cities MDG 8- Development of global partnership for development.UN resolution on partnering with private sector. PPP has proved workable in developing countries