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MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCULAR SYSTEM. Structure of the Muscles. Muscles. Comprise a large part of the human body Nearly half our body weight comes from muscle tissue If you weigh 140 lbs, 60 lbs is from muscle attached to bones Over 650 different muscles. Responsibilities of Muscle System. 3 main:

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MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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  1. MUSCULAR SYSTEM Structure of the Muscles

  2. Muscles • Comprise a large part of the human body • Nearly half our body weight comes from muscle tissue • If you weigh 140 lbs, 60 lbs is from muscle attached to bones • Over 650 different muscles

  3. Responsibilities of Muscle System • 3 main: • Body movement (voluntary and involuntary) • Body form and shape, to maintain posture • Body heat, to maintain body temperature

  4. Types of Muscle • 3 types: • Skeletal • Smooth • Cardiac • Described as: • Striated • Spindle shaped • nonstriated

  5. Skeletal (figure 7-1 pg 123) • Attached to the _________ • Called striped or striated b/c they have cross bandings (striations) of alternating light and dark bands running perpendicular to the length • Voluntary muscle b/c contains nerves under voluntary control • Multinucleate • Sarcolemma is the muscle cell membrane and the cytoplasm is sarcoplasm

  6. Smooth (visceral) figure 7-2 • Small and spindle shaped • Single nuclei • No striations • Unattached to bones • Involuntary muscles; controlled by the autonomic nervous system • Found in the walls of internal organs

  7. Cardiac figure 7-3 • Found only in the ____________ • Striated, branched, and involuntary • Membranes of adjacent cells are fused at intercalated discs • Requires continuous supply of oxygen to function • Cardiac muscle cells begin to die after 30 seconds of no oxygen

  8. Sphincter/Dilator Muscles • Special circular muscles in the openings b/t the esophagus and stomach; stomach and small intestine; and in the walls of the anus, urethra, and mouth • Open and close to control the passage of substances

  9. Look at table 7-1 pg 125 • Summarizes the characteristics of the 3 major muscle types

  10. Naming Skeletal Muscles • Named by location, size, direction, number of origins, location of origin and insertion, and action; • However, not all muscles are named in this manner • Look at figures 7-6 and 7-7 pg 130 and look how the muscles are named

  11. Location…………………. Size……………………….. Direction of fibers……. Number of origins……. Location of origin and insertion………………… Action flexor…………… Extensor……………………… Depressor…………………… Frontalis – forehead Gluteus maximus – largest muscle in the buttock External abdominal oblique – edge of the lower rib cage Biceps – two-headed muscle in humerus Sternocleidomastoid – origin in sternum Flexor capri ulnaris – flexes the wrist Extensor carpi ulnaris – extends the wrist Depressor anguli oris – depresses the corner of the mouth; raises and lowers body parts

  12. There are 656 muscles in the human body • 327 antagonistic muscle pairs and 2 unpaired muscles • Unpaired muscles: orbicularis oris and the diaphragm • The muscles can be divided and subdivided into the following regions • Head, neck, and trunk and extremities

  13. Head Muscles • Muscles of expression • Muscles of mastication (chewing) • Muscles of the tongue • Muscles of the pharynx • Muscles of the soft palate

  14. Neck Muscles • Muscles moving the head • Muscles moving the hyoid bone and the larynx • Muscles moving the upper ribs

  15. Trunk and Extremity Muscles • Muscles that move the vertebral column • Muscles that move the scapula • Muscles of breathing • Muscles that move the humerus • Muscles that move the forearm • Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and finger digits • Muscles that act on the pelvis • Muscles that move the femur • Muscles that move the leg • Muscles that move the ankles, feet, and toe digits

  16. Muscles of the Head and Neck • Control human facial expressions such as: • What are some examples? (think of feelings) • Refer to table 7-2 and figure 7-8 • Muscles of mastication control the mandible, raising it to close the jaw and lowering it to open the jaw. • Refer to table 7-3 and figure 7-8 • Muscles that move the head cause extension, flexion, and rotation • Refer to table 7-4 and figure 7-8

  17. Muscles of the Upper Extremities • Help to move the scapula and humerus and forearm, wrist, hand, and fingers • Refer to table 7-5 and figure 7-9

  18. Muscles of the Trunk • Control breathing and the movements of the abdomen and the pelvis • Refer to table 7-6 and figure 7-10

  19. Muscles of the Lower Extremities • Assist in the movement of the femur, leg, ankle, foot, and toes • Hamstrings comprised of: semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and semimembranosus muscles • Tendons of these muscles attach posteriorly to the tibia and fibula (can be felt behind the knee) • Responsible for flexing the knee • Refer to table 7-7 and figure 7-11

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