New Hampshire ASBO

1. New Hampshire ASBO Professional Development Reducing energy costs in your schools McCormick Facilities Management Michael McCormick, CPE McCormickFacility Management

2. About us • Over 20 years specializing in school facility issues • Engineers, former school administrators • Independent consultants, advisors • 3rd party objectivity • Facility Condition Assessments, FCA, of most Maine schools • National experience • Nearly 500,000,000square feet McCormickFacility Management

3. Services • Facility Management Consulting • Facility Condition Assessments • Strategic Master Planning, facilities & educational programming • Energy and Utility audits • Alternative/Renewable opportunities • Security and Crisis planning • Contract FM • Construction Management McCormickFacility Management

4. Today’s focus “Ways to save and manage energy in your facilities” McCormickFacility Management

5. Why do we care about energy? • World electricity demand is expected to double between 2000 and 2030 • The greatest increase will occur in the developing world • Electricity production is the leading cause of industrial air pollution in the United States, and is responsible for 40 percent of the nation's carbon emissions that contribute to global climate change McCormickFacility Management

6. Why do we care about energy? • At most, 35 percent of coal's energy in a power plant converts to electricity • The remaining two thirds is lost as waste heat, benefiting no one and often harming surrounding ecosystems • Where electricity is produced from coal, each fluorescent light bulb used prevents 1,300 pounds of CO2 emissions and 20lbs of sulfur dioxide, 1.7lbs mercury, 2.3lbs arsenic, and more from being pumped into the atmosphere • Why do we care? Over 50% of US electricity comes from burning coal McCormickFacility Management

7. Energy Conservation • Economically Efficient • Conducive to the Learning Environment • Responsible to the Environment • Energy Efficiency in Schools should not compromise the health, security and safety of the building occupants McCormickFacility Management

8. Energy Conservation and Management in Schools canSave up to 30% of Costs • Is your School Energy Efficient? Benchmarks • Average heating oil usage should be .33-.41 gallons per SF per year • .37 x 100,000 =37,000 gallons • $2.25 per gallon = $83,250 McCormickFacility Management

9. Energy Conservation and Management in Schools canSave up to 30% of Costs • Is your School Energy Efficient? Benchmarks • Average electrical usage should be 5.0 – 5.8 kWh per SF per year • 5.4 x 100,000 =540,000 kWh • $.11 per kWh = $59,400 per year ($4,950/mo) McCormickFacility Management

10. Energy Conservation and Management in Schools canSave up to 30% of Costs Is your School Energy Efficient? Benchmarks Energy should be in the range of 2-4 % of total budget McCormickFacility Management

11. Assumptions • Cost Per Energy Unit • Run Times of Equipment • Hours of operation • Weather • Degree days • Historical Usage Data McCormickFacility Management

12. Typical electrical energy use McCormickFacility Management

13. Reasons for energy waste • Costs of Improvements • Not aware of significance • Not sure how to solve the problem • Don’t want to fight the fight • Counter incentives can exist • Technology Deficiencies • Not easy or convenient / don’t always remember McCormickFacility Management

14. How Schools are Operated? • Without knowledge of energy use and impact of individuals actions • No Energy Policy/Regulation • No approved Energy Management Plan • Limited Preventive Maintenance • Lack of involvement by personnel McCormickFacility Management

15. Data and trending are essential for the Success of Any Program -- McCormickFacility Management

16. Education is Key to the Success of Any Program -- Energy Awareness for all School Staff and students McCormickFacility Management

17. What is Energy Management? A process to obtain an Understanding of: • Building Utilization • How energy is being consumed • Energy Systems Installed A process to: • Improve overall energy efficiency and reduce impact on the environment • Goal to Improve Learning and Teaching • Environment McCormickFacility Management

18. What is Energy Management? – Understanding of Building Utilization • What areas are used and when? • Patterns of occupancy and habits • Space compatible with programs and energy efficiency – How’s the Energy is being consumed? • What are the light levels? • Identifying Plug and Phantom Loads • HVAC equipment operations – EMCS • Electrical Systems McCormickFacility Management

19. What is Energy Management? • What Energy Systems Are Installed • HVAC Equipment • Lighting Systems We must control these things • Data collection of run conditions and bill tracking McCormickFacility Management

20. Energy Management Keys to Best Practices Utility Management – Need to know how much you use before you can determine how much you can save – Energy Star Portfolio Manager – Baseline – Review and Approval Utility Bills – Energy Use Audit of Each Facility – Building Occupancy Profiles – Building Characteristic and Systems – Information needed to determine energy goals and set specific targets for an Energy Management Plan McCormickFacility Management

21. Energy Management Best Practices Understanding of EMCS System – Develop and Obtain Approval of Energy Policy – Develop an Energy Regulation – Develop an Energy Management Plan McCormickFacility Management

22. Energy Management Best Practices Develop and Obtain Approval of an Energy Policy • Short Document – 2 or 3 short paragraphs • Include a statement of purpose – “.. Provide leadership in developing a realistic energy ethic in the operations of our facilities ……. Success is the joint responsibility of governing body, administrators, teachers, students and all organizations personnel and is based on their cooperation….” • Policy should include “… CEO/President/Superintendent is responsible to implement …. And Administrators will be evaluated on the success …..” • Sample copy available McCormickFacility Management

23. Energy Management Best Practices Regulations to Implement Policy • Regulations can state specifics about the operations of energy systems in your buildings • Regulations can establish accountability • Regulations can include the establishment of Energy Manager Position and a Energy Mgt Team • Establishment of an incentive program • Establishment of a reporting and evaluation system McCormickFacility Management

24. Energy Management Best Practices Development of an Energy Management Policy • Statement of Purpose “…Guide the operation of the agency to achieve the highest standards in energy/water use/environmental and economic performance…” • State Goals --- “.. X percent reduction in energy use for each facility by the FY 20xx –20yy..” • Can be in several areas including training and education • Sets Objectives to achieve Each Goal McCormickFacility Management

25. Plug and Phantom Loads • What is a plug load? • How best to control plug loads? • What is a phantom load? • Means of controlling phantom loads? McCormickFacility Management

26. What are Plug Loads? • Plug loads are electrical devices or appliances that draw power through an electric outlet • Schools typically have 120/208-volt electrical systems with many different loads • A load is any device that is powered by an electrical system and requires electricity to do work • Many appliances and devices that are turned ON • Anything that has an ON/OFF switch can be a load and managing the use of these loads can help save electricity and money. McCormickFacility Management

27. coffee makers computers/monitors fans desk and table lamps microwaves refrigerators televisions VCR’s window air conditioners vending machines printers and scanners fax machines copiers fish tanks overhead projectors ranges and stoves vocational equipment refrigerated drinking fountains clocks Examples of plug loads McCormickFacility Management

28. How Much Electricity Do Plug Loads Use? • Up to 20 percent of the total electricity consumed by a school is from plug loads. • Managing the use of such equipment can greatly reduce a school’s electricity consumption. McCormickFacility Management

29. How to control plug loads Need to conduct a plug load survey • Educational Needs • Energy Awareness Training • Develop Energy Guidelines for plug loads • Include fees for personal items • Have “teeth” in the Guidelines McCormickFacility Management

30. What are Phantom Loads – Phantom loads exist in equipment with • electronic clocks or timers, with remote controls, portable equipment and equipment with wall cubes • Consumes Energy even when turned off • Also known as “Stand-by Power” and “Leaking electricity” • This equipment can consume energy from 3 to 25 watts per hour when turned off • $2.50 to $10 per year per device McCormickFacility Management

31. How to control Phantom Loads – Disconnect devices at the end of day – Plug into power strips and turn power strips off at the end of the instructional day – Education McCormickFacility Management

32. How Much Energy is Being Wasted behind closed doors? McCormickFacility Management

33. Standard 75kVA VS. Energy Efficient Transformer The difference is at least7 x 100W light bulbs Would you leave the lights on for 50 years ? McCormickFacility Management

34. Factors Impacting Energy Use and Management – Outside Factors – Educational Factors – Design Factors – Budgetary Factors McCormickFacility Management

35. Outside IssuesImpacting Energy Use • Increasing Energy Unit Costs (+) • Energy Crisis (+) • Increase Community Use (+) K-12 • Changing Demographics (-/+) K-12 • Changing Technologies (-) McCormickFacility Management

36. Educational IssuesImpacting Energy Use • Smaller Class Size (+) K-12 • Year Round Schools (+) • House or Cluster Concept (+) K-12 • Computer Based Programs (+) • More Instructional Programs (+) McCormickFacility Management

37. Design IssuesImpacting Energy Use • Characteristics & $ Benefits of High Performance Design(-) • Shared Facilities (-) • Design Standards (+/-) • High Performance Design Elements (-) McCormickFacility Management

38. Budgetary IssuesImpacting Energy Use • Reduced Budgets, Personnel (+) • Decreased Capital Budgets (+) • Disconnect of Capital and Operating Budgets (+) • O & M (+/-) McCormickFacility Management

39. Benefits of an Energy Management Plan – Reduces Energy Consumption – Reduces Energy Costs – Reduces Environmental Impact at Source – Increases Energy Awareness of Personnel – Serves as a Educational Tool – Serves as an Example for the Community – Creates money for core mission, education McCormickFacility Management

40. Does High Performance Schoolequal anEnergy Efficient School ? • NOT NECESSARILY! • People operate buildings, buildings do not operate themselves • Energy awareness and knowledge are the keys to success EDUCATE! EDUCATE! EDUCATE! McCormickFacility Management

41. Must quantify energy usage and feasibility of reducing it How? Energy Audit McCormickFacility Management

42. Level I: Energy Audit • A Level I Audit is a walk-through survey of a facility to assess current energy cost and usage and to determine energy savings potential for effective energy efficiency measures • The audit identifies energy efficiency measures necessary to achieve such savings potential for capital intensive projects and low-cost/no-cost measures • The audit provides a savings and cost analysis and simple payback period of all measures recommended McCormickFacility Management

43. Level II: Energy Audit • A Level II Audit includes a more detailed building survey and energy analysis. A breakdown of energy use by system is required • The facility’s equipment and systems are reviewed to evaluate and confirm equipment and system operating profiles, methods of control, equipment efficiency, and changes of facility energy usage that have occurred or are anticipated • The audit identifies low-cost/no-cost operations and maintenance procedures and capital equipment and installation costs, with calculations to support energy savings, costs, and simple payback period or life cycle cost analysis McCormickFacility Management

44. Level III: Energy Audit • A Level III Audit consists of a detailed analysis of capital intensive measures that follow the same basic steps as the energy audit described above, but includes detailed analysis and calculations and/or modeling to determine the viability and interactive effects of potential energy efficiency measures identified • The audit requires identification of capital equipment and installation cost, calculations to support energy savings and costs, and simple payback and life cycle cost analysis • This audit requires a detailed scope of work and understanding between parties McCormickFacility Management

45. Large Results… Small Actions, How can an Energy Audit benefit you?

46. What is an Energy Audit? Through an inspection of your facility, we will survey and analyze all aspects of energy consumption: • Building envelope • Lighting and electrical equipment • Heating and mechanical equipment • All energy consuming systems During the inspection we are looking for opportunities in which to reduce the amount of energy put into your system.

47. What is an Energy Audit? After the inspection, we then create an inventory of all consumption items and the usage patterns of the buildings. Next, we calculate the energy being consumed and the amount that would be consumed if changes to devices and usage patterns were implemented.

48. Our main concern in an ENERGY AUDIT is to find ways to save you money while maintaining or improving the health, safety, and comfort level of the occupants.

49. We guarantee we can find energy savings opportunities or the Energy Audit is free!

50. What will be audited… Building Envelope • Understanding heat flow • R & U values • Infiltration reduction methods • Infrared scans • Walls, roofs, & windows energy saving measures