1 / 26

Factorial Designs

Factorial Designs. Slides Prepared by Alison L. O’Malley. Passer Chapter 9. Factorial designs include two or more independent variables What does it mean for a design to be “crossed”?. Describing Factorial Designs.

nida
Download Presentation

Factorial Designs

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. FactorialDesigns Slides Prepared by Alison L. O’Malley Passer Chapter 9

  2. Factorial designs include two or more independent variables What does it mean for a design to be “crossed”?

  3. Describing Factorial Designs • In a between-subjects factorial design, each participant experiences only one condition • In a within-subjects factorial design, each participant experiences every condition • Mixed-factorial designs include one or more between-subjects variables and one or more within-subjects variables

  4. Describing Factorial Designs • “two by four by three” • Order of variables can be reversed, • so long as numbers match up • Note how quickly the number of participants • required can skyrocket! • Need at least three levels to examine nonlinear effects in an IV

  5. Factorial Designs • Establish whether variables have a main effect • IV has significant effect on DV (i.e., there is an overall mean difference) • Establish interaction effect • Effect of IV on DV depends on level of another IV

  6. Interaction Note how the effect of Factor A on the DV depends on the level of Factor B

  7. Interaction Factor B is a moderator variable

  8. Person x Situation Factorial Design • At least one subject variable along with at least one manipulated situational variable • Using gender as a subject variable and room temperature as a manipulated situational variable, develop a 2 x 2 design and a 2 x 3 design • How might the conclusions we draw here differ from those based on a research design with two or more manipulated IVs?

  9. More on Main Effects and Interactions Cell means Marginal means reflect the average of cell means for the relevant row or column

  10. More on Main Effects and Interactions Is there a main effect of number of witnesses?

  11. More on Main Effects and Interactions Is there a main effect of number of witnesses? No.

  12. More on Main Effects and Interactions Is there a main effect of witness-suspect relationship?

  13. More on Main Effects and Interactions Is there a main effect of witness-suspect relationship? Yes.

  14. More on Main Effects and Interactions Is there a number of witnesses x witness- suspect relationship interaction?

  15. More on Main Effects and Interactions Is there a number of witnesses x witness- suspect relationship interaction? No. Why not?

  16. Graphical Depiction of Results

  17. How would you graph this?

  18. Check your work. This form of interaction is a disordinal (or crossover) interaction.

  19. Another Example This form of interaction is an ordinal interaction.

  20. Main Effects and Interactions • What does it mean for an interaction to “qualify” a main effect? • Do interactions always qualify main effects? • What do interactions have to do with the external validity of researchers’ findings?

  21. Analyzing the Results • ANOVA is the statistical framework for factorial designs • A 2 x 2 ANOVA entails three tests of statistical significance • One test for the main effect of Factor A • Another test for the main effect of Factor B • A test for the A x B interaction

  22. Analyzing the Results • In order to make sense of interactions, researchers look at simple main effects • The effect of one IV at a particular level of another IV For gender, we would examine three simple main effects

  23. Analyzing the Results • If statistically significant simple main effects emerge, simple contrasts are performed (a type of post-hoc test) E.g., Compare men’s performance between different pairs of temperatures

  24. Analyzing the Results • A priori theorizing can drive hypotheses about specific mean differences • Test with planned comparisons • Mean differences need not be as large to be statistically significant

  25. Three IVs • Four possible interactions • Three two-way interactions (A x B, A x C, B x C) • One three-way interaction (A x B x C)

  26. Three IVs Overall, how many tests of statistical significance would there be in a 2 x 2 x 2?

More Related