ATTENTION

1. ATTENTION There are video clips and links to additional slides within the power point presentation. If the links are not clicked on, important information will be left out. (If something is underlined, it’s probably a link.) Be sure that if there is a red continue button, it is clicked on to progress to the correct slide.

2. The Desert Biome

3. Remember Last year when you learned…. In your notebook, draw a flow map that names the levels of organization we just talked about. There should be 5 boxes • More than one organism of the same species makes up a population • More than one population of the same species makes up a community • All of the different communities, along with the non-living things in the area, makes up an ecosystem • This year we will learn what more than one ecosystem with similar climates and organisms makes. This acronym might help you remember: Orange Puppies Can’t Exist Because….

4. What is a Biome? Each color represents a different desert ecosystem • A biome is a group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms. It’s Big !!!! • All of the deserts of the world make up the desert biome. • An Ecosystem is all of the living and non-living things that interact in an area. • Ecosystems can be big (like an entire desert, forest or grassland) • or small as a microhabitat (like a schoolyard, or the inside of someone's mouth.)

5. -- In your notebookWith your group, draw and complete a concept definition map about the word Biome A biome is a group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms. Big Has living an non-living things (biotic & abiotic) Similar climates Desert Grassland Forest

6. Basic Desert Characteristics • Dry – 10 inches or 25.4 cm of rain or less PER YEAR!! • Wide range of temperatures (because of low humidity) • warmer during the day • colder at night • Sandy or rocky soil and very little vegetation

7. In your notebook • Make a Modified Verbal Visual word association about deserts like the one below: Vocabulary Term Visual Representation Deserts Aboitic factors Biotic factors • An area that receives 25 cm of rain or less in a year • There is a wide range of temperatures • Rocky or sandy soil • Very few plants or animals • Plants and animals have adaptations that help them to survive with very little water and extreme temperatures.

8. Weathering, Erosion, or Deposition?In a Desert Erosion • Because there is so little vegetation in a desert the soil is easily blown around by the wind. What is this called? • Hills of sand that are piled when the wind slows down and drops what it’s carrying are called Sand Dunes. What is this an example of? • When the sand being carried by the wind scratches off pieces of other rocks below. What is this an example of? Deposition Weathering (abrasion)

9. Examples of Physical Adaptations in Plants: Chloroplast for Photosynthesis Xylem and phloem ---- Turgor Pressure Desert plant adaptations to live with less water Adaptations are characteristics of an organism that help it survive in its environment or reproduce.

10. Examples of Physical Adaptations in Animals: Javelina • Leg speed, sharp claws and/or teeth (tusks), spikes or quills, or armor for protection • Cold blooded – to avoid having to heat or cool themselves • Coloring for camouflage or warning • Some organisms don’t sweat – to avoid water loss • Some animals have specialized kidneys to conserve water used for urine (example) • Long ears on a jack rabbit, so that excess heat can escape (what about rabbits that live in a cold area?) Armadillo

11. hunting at night to avoid extreme heat storing food for later use (dry season, cold season etc) Hibernation or estivation (sleeping for long periods of time to conserve energy) Staying in groups to help deter prey Hunting in packs to help take down larger prey Migration to access food, avoid extreme temperatures, or to reproduce. Behaviors that attract a mate… coyotes howling, deer fighting to determine mating rights, peacocks spreading feathers to show a colorful design. Behavioral Adaptations are things an organism does to help it survive and reproduce in its environment

12. In your Science Notebook:3-2-1 Blast Off • List 3 examples of physical adaptations that would help an organism survive in a desert. (At least one for plants and at least 1 for animals.) • List 2 behavioral adaptations that could help an organism survive in a desert. • List 1 good definition for adaptation.

13. Natural Selection (survival of the fittest) • The organism that has the best traits will survive to reproduce so…… • the best traits are more likely to be passed on.

14. Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants and animals for particular genetic traits. Humans choose organisms that have certain traits that they find desirable and breed then to create offspring with those traits. Researchers at the USDA have selectively bred carrots with a variety of colors. Selective Breeding

15. In your Notebook • Create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting natural selection and selective breeding Occurs when organisms reproduce Creates organism with traits that humans want Happens naturally selective breeding natural selection Creates organisms with the most desirable traits Organism adapted to survive in nature Organism might not survive in nature

16. THE END

17. Photosynthesis – How producers, or autotrophs, make food • Plants get water through the roots, carbon dioxide from the air, and energy from the sun (radiant energy) to make food (energy.)

18. In your Science Notebook:Draw and fill in the multi- flow map about Photosynthesis Water Sugar (that plants use as food) Photosynthesis (inside the chloroplast in leaves) Carbon Dioxide Radiant energy from the sun Oxygen Continue

19. Protective coloration for camouflage Countershaded Ibex are almost invisible in the Israeli desert. Camouflage allows predator to capture prey

20. Warning coloration Coral Snake (poisonous) The Milk snake “mimics” the coral snake to trick predators into thinking it’s poisonous. Bright colors warn others that they are poisonous and should be left alone!! “If red touches yellow, you're a dead fellow (for Coral Snakes); if red touches black, you're okay, Jack (for similar looking Milk Snakes)". Continue

21. Arctic hare Short ears conserve heat Jack Rabbit long ears so that heat can be released easily Length of ears: Continue

22. This species doesn’t sweat or pant like other animals to keep cool. They also have specialized kidneys, which allow them to dispose of waste materials with very little output of water. They get all the water they need from the seeds they eat. Kangaroo Rats Continue

23. Without water plants droop. The water pressure inside plants is called turgor pressure Seeds sprout because the force of water pressure (also called turgor pressure) inflates the emerging shoot. The force of the shoot straightening pulls the seed leaves above ground. Continue