Introduction into a wider scope of action The CMB holistic approach

1. Introduction into a wider scope of actionThe CMB holistic approach Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd-Axel Ahrens Central MeetBike Expert Seminar Pardubice, 22./23.02.2012

2. Content History and house of CMB The wider scope of action CMB: Strategy and measures (action) Example Germany: Effects of sustainable strategies and measures Conclusion and questions from Czech and Slovak cities

3. History and the house of CMB

4. Spatial levels of CMB Central Europe level

5. Spatial levels of CMB National level Central Europe level Poland Czech Republic Slovakia

6. Spatial levels of CMB National level Central Europe level Poland Regional level Poland Czech Republic Czech Republic Slovakia Slovakia

7. Spatial levels of CMB National level Central Europe level Regional level Poland Local level Czech Republic Slovakia

8. The wider scope: Aspects of integration in planning Sectoral integration: Transport planning Spatial planning Environmental planning Social planning Economic planning Integration of time: Planning as a continuous process also including maintenance Modal integration: All Transport modes Integral consideration of mobility: Integration of all trip purposes and causal relations of trips Integrated transport planning Horizontal integration: Neighbouring administrative units Vertical integration: Superior and secondary levels of planning Holistic action plans: Integration of different types of measures and not only focus on infrastructure Participation of all persons concerned: Considering the needs of all persons concerned According Beckmann (1999): Integrierte Verkehrsentwicklungsplanung – Potenziale zur Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit verkehrsplanerischer Maßnahmen

9. Range of integrated measures of mobility planning

10. CMB: Strategy and action level • Level of strategies • Multimodal sustainable mobility master plan • Objectives for integrated bicycle plan • Target groups • Cycling plans etc. 1 2 • Level of measures and implementation • Hard measures • Soft measures • Management and Finance

11. Balance of strategies and measures Joint Strategies Proposal for a common structure of all documents National level • Request of multimodal, sustainable mobility master plan • Definition of continuous cycling network (without gaps) • Implementation of infrastructure quality standards • Soft measures to increase a stronger use of bicycle infrastructure • Further measures to complete cycling to an integrated system of the transport scheme strategies measures Local level

12. Structure of CMB-strategies Standards, policies, and strategies Division of labour and responsibilities Legal situation Cycling facilities and networks Public relations Road safety Research, pilot projects and education Quality management Financing Tourism and leisure cycling Level of strategies 1 2 • Level of measures and implementation • Hard measures • Soft measures • Management and Finance

13. Measures/good practises from local CMB-strategies (1) • Standards, policies, and strategies • Administrative directives on implementation of cycling guidelines (ERA 2011) • Division of labour and responsibilities • Cycling officer • Cooperation in the metropolitan region Hannover, Braunschweig, Göttingen, Wolfsburg • Legal situation • Cycling facilities and networks • Cycle transport network in Leipzig and Pardubice • Cycle lane and advisory cycle lane • Fahrradstraße (bicycle street) • Project 1000 new cycle racks for the centre of Dresden • Service station “Umsteiger” in Kiel • Public air pump and tube automat in DresdenPublic relations Level of strategies 1 2 • Level of measures and implementation • Hard measures • Soft measures • Management and Finance

14. Measures/good practises from local CMB-strategies (2) • Public relations • Press conference in Prague (19th May 2011) • FacebookpageoftheRadlHauptstadtMunich • Roll-upbanners, posters, cyclingmap • Bicycle fair in Dresden (SZ-Fahrradfest), cyclingcompetitionofmunicipalities • “Bike towork” in PardubiceandPrague • Road safety • Safetyaudit • Safetyjoker in Munich • Research, pilot projects, and education • Bicycleacademy (Fahrradakademie) • Quality management • Cycle counter • Mobility behavioursurveys in Germany Level of strategies 1 2 • Level of measures and implementation • Hard measures • Soft measures • Management and Finance

15. Measures/good practises from local CMB-strategies (3) • Financing • Low-cost measures • Dedicated cycling budget • Cooperation between urban and health department in Dresden • Participation at Central MeetBike • Minimum parking requirements in Gdansk • Tourism and leisure cycling • Bicycle hire scheme in Leipzig • Thematic cycle tours in Kiel Level of strategies 1 2 • Level of measures and implementation • Hard measures • Soft measures • Management and Finance

16. Cycling as a system An important element of the broad integrated and multimodal mobility system Example: Potential of bicycling to reduce CO2-emissions of the transport sector Also note: 10 % less car traffic due to a shift to bicycling means less traffic volumes comparable to vacations with significantly less congestion an parking pressure

17. TUD-model ProFaiR Trips and kilometres by mode Population groups(Age, job, car available) Type of communities(size, topography) Activities and distances Mode choice Emissions Technical development of carfleet Emission factors Environmental reduction potential

18. Case studies with ProFaiR Green fleet – Effects of technically improved car fleet by 2020 a 25 % of car trips shorter than 5 km will be replaced by bicyclesb 50 % of car trips shorter than 5 km will be replaced by bicycles Car use instead of possessiona conservativeb optimistic

19. Case studies with ProFaiR Green fleet – Effects of technically improved car fleet by 2020 a 25 % of car trips shorter than 5 km will be replaced by bicyclesb 50 % of car trips shorter than 5 km will be replaced by bicycles Car use instead of possessiona conservativeb optimistic

20. Reduction of kilometres by cars in % (passenger traffic on a workday in Germany) Source: TUD (ProFair 2012)

21. Reduction of CO2-emissions in % (passenger traffic on a work day in Germany) Source: TUD (ProFair 2012)

22. The mobility coalition for more sustainable urban mobility • Public Transport • trains and buses • Public bicycles and pedelecs • Public (electric) cars • Taxis • Alternative services • Car sharing • Car pooling Maximize Individualised Public Mobility Coalition One accounting system • Walking • Cycling Individual private car use Minimize

23. Questions from Czech and Slovak cities • Are cycle lanes in narrow streets necessary or are no lanes better? • Bicycle facilities are important and necessary at main streets (arterials). With not enough space one should try to supply some – also below standard – facilities especially for children and weak cyclists. The use of sub-standard facilities is not compulsory in Germany. Fast and self confident cyclists can use the road in these cases. • Most streets in a city network (about 80 %) are residential side streets. These streets surrounded by arterials should belong to traffic quietened zones (speed 30 km/h) with no signs and bicycle facilities (self explaining side streets with no traffic engineering features like zebra strips, traffic lights, marked lanes, which means: drive slowly and attention at each intersection. The entrance to these zones should be designed for lower speeds through narrow curves, speed plateaus, etc.)

24. Questions from Czech and Slovak cities What is legislation in Germany regarding the property relations and administrative relations of roads and bicycle facilities? In Germany roads and streets belong to the federal level (administrated by the states), to the states, districts and communities. They shape a hierarchy of streets and are dedicated legally to particular public uses (only cars, all modes, only pedestrians, etc.). This is called „Widmung“ of the streets. The „Widmung“ can only be changed in a formal public process. According to technical guidelines bicycle facilities are recommended for mayor streets (main streets) with higher car volumes. The decision on the standard of the facility depends on consideration of all necessary aspects of the individual case. Not using standards of legal codes or guidelines requires extra strong arguments.

25. Questions from Czech and Slovak cities • Is there always a team of independent experts involved in preparing technical decision on different planning levels? • The technical administration prepares decisions of the political decision makers and must also ensure, that political decisions are legal and so well balanced, that in court cases the risk of losing the case is low or zero for the cities. Higher level authorities have a so called legal control over cities. However, within a legal framework goals and measures are decided in our democracy by the elected decision makers, also very often different than expert‘s recommendations. • It is the task of the administration to continuously inform the decision makers on legal and technical requirements. Better communication and cooperation between administration and decision makers leads to a higher degree of technical and integrated input and decisions.

26. Questions from Czech and Slovak cities Is the use of infrastructure for cyclists compulsory or is it just optional? In Germany that depends on the signs. If there are blue bicycle signs posted, the use of the facility is compulsory. However, authorities are only allowed to put up the sign for compulsory use, if the minimum technical standards of the facilities are met or for very particular safety reasons. If not, bicyclists can use the road. Note: On side streets with 30 km/h max. speed we do not build extra facilities for cyclists. The road space is shared. However, particular velo-routes can be posted as „bicycle streets“.

27. Thank you for your attention Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd-Axel Ahrens + 49 351 463-32975 gerd-axel.ahrens@tu-dresden.de www.tu-dresden.de