1 / 12

After World War 1, the Ottoman Empire fell, and the Middle East was up for grabs.

Sykes-Picot Agreement. The agreement led to the division of Turkish-held Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine. It did not work because all these countries won their independence back. After World War 1, the Ottoman Empire fell, and the Middle East was up for grabs.

niesha
Download Presentation

After World War 1, the Ottoman Empire fell, and the Middle East was up for grabs.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Sykes-Picot Agreement The agreement led to the division of Turkish-held Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine. It did not work because all these countries won their independence back. • After World War 1, the Ottoman Empire fell, and the Middle East was up for grabs. • Mark Sykes of Great Britain and Francois Georges-Picot of France started negotiations in November 1915. • The negotiations took after the names of the two men. • These negotiations were for what was going to happen to the Middle East. • The agreement divided up the Fertile Crescent into zones of influence, recognizing Arab independence in part of the land. • In this agreement the British and French set the foundations for what were to become Arab nations demarcating their borders and creating new nationalities. • In the end, the agreement did not work out. • Mark Sykes, the English negotiator of the agreement

  2. The UN Resolution 181 approved: United States, Canada, France, Belgium, Russia, Australia, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, and Norway. disapproved: Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Egypt, Cuba, Greece, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen, and Turkey. Unfortunately, the Arabs did not agree and was revoked. The basic plan was to resolve the Arab-Israeli Conflict. If the plan would have been followed through, it would have split Western Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. It violated the rights of the majority of Arabs. Also, non-Jewish people would be stuck in the Jewish state of Israel. The plan was made and discussed on November 29, 1947. Ultimately, the rejection of the accord by the Arabs led to the Arab-Israeli war. This map shows the presumed locations of Arab and Jewish states.

  3. Started on January 9, 1948. Israeli War of Independence • 1st attack - 1,000 Arabs attacked Jewish communities in N. Palestine • Involved the bordering countries of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Lebanon • The critical phase of the war was from mid-may to mid-july • The purpose was to push the Jews into the sea and get there land back • During war over 7,000 Palestinians fled leaving • their Children and grandchildren behind • Took place along the whole border of Israel • Israel gained its independence on May 14, 1948 • The ranks of the IDF grew rapidly to about 100,000 • At the height of the war • Ended on July 20, 1949 • Victory caused more than 6,000 Israeli deaths

  4. Aftermath: Israel had gained possession of the West Bank, Golan Heights, and the Sinai Peninsula. • June 8: Sinai Peninsula is under Israeli control • The Arab nations surrendered to the Israeli forces for two reasons: The Six Day War • June 10: Syria surrenders because Golan Heights comes under Israeli control. • Went from June 5-10 1967 The war also resulted in a depression in the Arab World. • The lost territories had few inhabitants • Israeli troops were less than 100 km from each countries capital • June 5: Israel, and half of attacks Egypt, Syria, and Jordan and destroys the entire air force of Egypt, Jordan Syria’s • June 7: Sharm el-sheikh is captured. Involved: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Syria

  5. Middle east peace treaty • The multilateral track: the refugee working group. • 1st – bilateral negotiation between direct parties to the conflict( Israel-Syria, Israel-Lebanon, & Israel with what initially formed as a joint Palestinian/Jordan delegation). • 2nd- multilateral negotiations on those border issues whose solutions require coordinated action & the international community’s support. Registered refugees Jordan-1,758,274 West Bank-675,670 Gaza-938,531 Lebanon-396,890 Syria-417,346 • Population • The population of 1967 displaced persons stands at approximately 1million(many of whom are 1948 refugees). • In the West Bank and Gaza, refugees are stateless & under a combination of limited Palestinian Authority administration & Israeli military occupation. • In Jordan most refugees are full citizens, and enjoy being equivalent to other Jordanians. • The Oslo Process • New frame work for discussion of refugee issues were created by the Palestinian-Israeli Declaration of Independence of Principles of Sept. 1993. • May 1996- the final status negotiations were formally opened, but substantial negotiation was interrupted by Israeli elections, & the subsequent change in the Israeli govt. • May 1995- the Quadripartite committee first met in Amman. • Issues refugees deal • with today • Housing • Food • Jobs • Education • Health care • Power struggle between to Palestinian political factions. Palestinian Refugees What left the Palestinians homeless? -the six day war -the Palestinians had to leave their homes to make room for invading Arab armies.

  6. Yasser Arafat and Mahmound Abbas • *Born: August 24,1929 in Cairo • *Chairman of the PLO from 1969-2004. • *Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994. • *Founding member of Fattah, political party that • controls PLO. • President of the Palestinian National Authority • from 1993 to 2004. • *He dies in 2004. PLO(Palestinian Liberation Organization) *Goal: To destroy Israel through struggle and armed forces. To cease all violence and terrorism. *Political and paramilitary. *Founded by the Arab League in 1964. *Born: march 26,1935 in Safad. *Founding member of Fattah. *Member of PNA since 1968. *Considered the brains behind PLO. *First official to visit Saudi Arabia after Gulf War. *He sighed the 1993 peace accord with Israel in September 13. * Took over Arafats position in PLO on Jan. 9, 2005 with 62% of the vote. 1960’s:Primary base in Jordan. 1969:Organization of Islamic conference admits Palestine, represented by PLO. 1970-1971:fight with Jordan drove PLO out ,relocated in Lebanon. 1975: Lebanese civil war forcing PLO to relocate in Tunisia. 1976: Admitted as a member of the Arab League. 1988: Palestinian state on West Bank and Gaza Strip; PLO accepts Israel right to exist. Also called Abu Mazen.

  7. Camp David Peace Treaty • Treaty defines future relations between Israel and Egypt. • Treaty decides the future negotiations and establishment of the West Bank and Gaza. • Treaty happened after 4 wars, and 30 yrs. • Signed on Sept.17,1798 • Located 70 miles from White House, in Catcotin Mountains. • Signed by: Muhammed Anwar Al-Sadat, Menachem Begin, and Jimmy Carter • Signing of treaty occurs after 12 days of secret negotiations.

  8. First and Second Intifada Second Intifada Al Aqsa Intifada • Who: Palestinians against Israelis • Began in September 2000 and have ended at Sharm El Sheik Summit 2005 First Intifada • What: Violent uprisings (“War of Stones”) • Causes • Protest against Israeli’s harsh treatments to Palestinians • Egypt withdraw claim of Gaza Strip • Lack of progress for humanitarian and nationalistic claims • The intifada was an expression of disappointment over the disrespect and denial of basic rights to Palestinians. • These were rights to free access to Jerusalem, security, development, and refugees right to return. • Jewish Israeli policeman walked inside Al Aqsa Mosque caused problems with Muslim Palestinians. • When: Dec. 1987 in the Gaza Strip to West Bank and Eastern Jerusalem. • Ended in 1993 with the signing of Oslo Accords • Jewish Israeli policeman walked inside Al Aqsa Mosque and caused problems with Muslim Palestinians. • Palestinians threw stones at Israeli soldiers, went on commercial strikes, and business boycotts. • Palestinians viewed the intifada as a war of national liberation against foreign occupation. • Israelis thought it was a terrorist campaign and blamed Arafat for the cause. • Palestinian community council lead uprisings • October 6, 2000 Hamas declared “a day of rage” and attacked Israeli army outpost in occupied territories. • “We should break their arms and legs”- Israeli Defense Minister Yitzhaz Rabin • 1,162 Palestinians and 160 Israelis died

  9. Hamas • Is a Shiite Muslim organization based in Lebanon. • The main leader is Seyyed Hassan Nasrallah. Hezbollah They own a satellite television station, which broadcasts training for suicide bombers • Created in 1987 • Created at the time of the First Intifada, in Gaza and West Bank. • Goal: to destroy Israel and create an Islamic Palestinian state. • Methods: assassinations, raids, bombings, and suicide bombings. • Hezbollah has close ties with Iran. • From Iran they get diplomatic aid and weapons totaling about 100 million dollars a year. • Syria is also a supporter. • Against PLO’s acceptance of the UN’s resolutions saying that Israel has a right to exist. • Against 1993 peace agreement. • Runs a network of mosques and social services organizations like medical clinics. • Created in 1982 • Formed after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. • Means Party of God Like Hamas, Hezbollah donates to schools and mosques. • Connected to Iran and Syria. • Also funded by Osama bin Laden.

  10. Oslo Accords • It was a culmination of series of secrets and public agreements • Negotiated between the Israeli gov’t and the Palenstine Liberation Organization • Until a final status accord was est. West Bank and Gaza would be divided into three zones: • Area A: full control of the Palestine Authority • Area B: Palestinian civil control • Area C: full Israeli control, except over Palestine civilians

  11. Construction of the Security Barrier Who are some of Israel’s enemies? The red line represents the fence, which surrounds the border of Israel. What is the Security Barrier in Israel? • The Palestinian Arabs are the main enemy. • A barrier that borders the entire country of Israel to keep terrorists out. • Israelites wanted it to protect them from Palestinian terrorists. • Most of it is near the northern border. Why did the Israelites want to put the barrier up? • The small country is attacked constantly. • They wanted to protect the cities from the terrorism. • Palestinian Arabs come in to attack and kill Israelites. • It was built in July 2003. There are many ditches and fences that make up the security barrier.

  12. Disengagement Ariel Sharon Plan History Purpose Served in IDF(Israel Defense Force) for 25 years Appointed Foreign Minister of the Palestianian Authority (1998) Commanded in War of Independence (1948) Appointed commander of Paratroop Crops (1956). Ariel Sharon Became Chairman of Likud (1999) Commander in the Six-Day War (1967) Disengagement Plan was created to ensure sercurity & improve Palestinian life (1999) Resigned for army (1972) Likud Party symbol Elected for Knesset (1973) Joined the Herut Party & Minister of Agriculture in Menachern Begin’s first Govt. (1977-1981) Formed new party called Kidima, due to people rebelling against the Disengagement Plan(Nov. 21 2005) Kadima Party Served as member of the Knesset (1992-1996)

More Related