IB – Extended Essay

1. IB – Extended Essay Library Workshop 6 MLA I ASM Library - 1/20/10

2. Why cite? • Give credit to other writer’s ideas -support to your argument • Your ideas versus those of others -disagreement with an author -comparing or contrasting specific points of view • Point your readers to your sources -highlighting a specific research study -presenting background or an overview of a topic ASM Library - 1/20/10

3. What happens if you don’t cite? 2. Malpractice • 2.1 Includes: • PLAGIARISM, presenting other people’s ideas as if they were your own • COLLUSION, allowing others to copy your work or submit your work as their own • DUPLICATION, presenting your work twice for different classes/assignments • Any other behavior that gives you or another student an unfair advantage. International Baccalaureate Organization. (2007, September). Diploma Program: Academic Honesty. Retrieved February 26, 2009 from http://occ.ibo.org/ibis/documents/general/specific_interest/malpractice/g_0_malpr_sup_0707_1_e.pdf ASM Library - 1/20/10

4. Forms ofPlagiarism: • Intentional: • Cutting and pasting blocks of text without documentation • Unintentional: • Careless paraphrasing • Forgot in-text citation • Poor documentation • e.g. lacking Journal’s volume number in bibliography • Quoting excessively • One quote after another • Failure to use ‘own voice’ • A list of quotations, paraphrasing or summaries, all properly cited but without any personal contribution (analysis, comparison, contrast) ASM Library - 1/20/10

5. Assessment Criteria – EE DP Guide • Criterion C: investigation “… a range of appropriate sources has been consulted, or data has been gathered, and relevant material has been carefully selected.” • Criterion D: knowledge and understanding of the topic studied “… a systematic investigation in the [chosen] subject within the current state of the field of study” • Criterion I: format presentation “… formal elements of the essay consistently follow a standard format…[including] quotations, documentation (references, citations and bibliography) and appendices (if used).” ASM Library - 1/20/10

6. Write with your SourcesCite while drafting • After researching your topic, what do you now believe? • Develop your thesis • What research information will help you convince the reader of your belief? • Support your arguments ASM Library - 1/20/10

7. Cite! Books, pictures, pamphlets, artwork, websites, advertisement, personal interviews, magazines, journals, emails, CD ROMs, DVDs, maps, newspapers, discussion groups, blogs, letters, TV programs, movies, music, lectures, teachers, other students work Don’t need to cite: your own experience, results of your experiments, common knowledge Common knowledge: facts that are well known (7 days in a week); commonsense observations (temperature raises when the water starts to boil) • When in doubt, Cite! ASM Library - 1/20/10

8. Citation Styles • MLA from the Modern Language Association of America. Often preferred in the fields of languages, literature, arts. • APA from the American Psychological Association. Often preferred in the fields of psychology and many other social sciences (anthropology, communications, education, sociology, economics, business) • Chicago from the work of Kate Turabian at the University of Chicago. Often preferred in history. • When in doubt, ASK your instructor/advisor • Then be CONSISTENT in STYLE and FORMAT ASM Library - 1/20/10

9. Two places you need to cite sources in your writing: • Within your text, where you place the information obtained from a source • At the end of your paper in a list called Works Cited in MLA -------------------------- - Start working in the Works Cited page NOW! - Cite your sources from your 1st draft ASM Library - 1/20/10

10. Example, in-text and corresponding entry in Works Cited • IN-TEXT CITATION Matt Sundeen notes that drivers with cell phones place anestimated 98,000 emergency calls each day and that thephones "often reduce emergency response times and actuallysave lives" (1). • ENTRY IN THE LIST OF WORKS CITED Sundeen, Matt. "Cell Phones and Highway Safety: 2000 State Legislative Update." National Conference of StateLegislatures. Dec. 2000. 9 pp. 27 Feb. 2001 <http://ncsl.org/programs/esnr/cellphone.pdf>. Diana Hacker’s, Research and Documentation Online. Available at: http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/p04_c08_o.html ASM Library - 1/20/10

11. Using Sources • Quoting Exact words, copied directly from source, word for word -short quotations: words enclosed in quotation marks -long quotations: paragraph indented • Paraphrase Rephrasing the author’s words using your own words. Covers the same point the author made but is explained with your own vocabulary • Summarizing Putting main ideas of one or many authors into your own words to present a broad overview. • ALL THREE MUST HAVE CITATIONS AND BE LISTED IN YOUR WORKS CITED (MLA) • TIE THEM TO YOUR ARGUMENT, EXPLAIN WHY THE IDEA IS SIGNIFICANT IN THE CONTEXT OF YOUR IDEAS. ASM Library - 1/20/10

12. Quoting (MLA): There are many different kinds of squirrels including “red squirrels, fox squirrels, ground squirrels, pygmy squirrels, antelope squirrels, flying squirrels” (Chang 3). Gray squirrels, in fact, come with many different names as Edmond Chang lists, “Grays are also called cat squirrels, wood cats, Silvertails, Greybacks, or Bannertails” (4). Copied author’s word by word • Paraphrasing (MLA):Gray squirrels are all over North America, particularly the eastern US, up into Canada, as far west as the Mississippi, and especially in the mid-Atlantic (Chang 4). Your own words • Summarizing (MLA): Edmond Chang tells the story of how Cinderella’s slippers once might have been made from squirrel fur and not glass. Your own words Odegaard Writing at Univ. Washington, See Handouts & Resources ‘Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing’ http://depts.washington.edu/owrc/WritingResources.html ASM Library - 1/20/10

13. Examples, in-text citation • Author's name in text: Dover has expressed this concern (118-21). • Author's name in reference: This concern has been expressed (Dover 118-21) • Multiple authors of a work: This hypothesis (Bradley and Rogers 7) suggested this theory (Sumner, Reichl, and Waugh 23). • Two locations: Williams alludes to this premise (136-39, 145). • Two works cited: This hypothesis(Burns 54, Thomas 327) • References to volumes and pages: (Wilson 2:1-18) • Works with no author: Use the work's title or a shortened version of the title when citing it in text: …as stated by the presidential commission (Report 4). ASM Library - 1/20/10

14. Strategies • Take good Notes • Full bibliographic information and page # • Indicate Q (quote) and use “ “ or P (paraphrase) or S (summary) • Start your Works Cited page NOW, you can later delete the entries you are not using • Don’t have to memorize citations; follow the citation formula from the citation manual e.g. Author's name. Title of the book. Publication information. Berlage, Gai Ingham. Women in Baseball: The Forgotten History. Westport: Greenwood, 1994. • When in doubt, CITE! • Be consistent. Choose one citation format and stay with it. In MLA, try to use italics (instead of underlined) ASM Library - 1/20/10