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http://ees.ead.lbl.gov/. http://eetd.lbl.gov/r-ea.html. Appliance Standards and Advanced Technologies. Louis-Benoit Desroches ( ldesroches@lbl.gov ) Energy Efficiency Standards Group Energy Analysis Department, LBNL. APS Physics of Sustainable Energy II March 6, 2011.
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http://ees.ead.lbl.gov/ http://eetd.lbl.gov/r-ea.html Appliance Standards and Advanced Technologies Louis-Benoit Desroches (ldesroches@lbl.gov) Energy Efficiency Standards Group Energy Analysis Department, LBNL APS Physics of Sustainable Energy II March 6, 2011
Annual U.S. Primary Energy Consumption Standards affect products using >80% of residential and >60% of commercial buildings’ primary energy
Residential Electric Savings APS (2008). Energy Future: Think Efficiency http://www.aps.org/energyefficiencyreport/report/aps-energyreport.pdf
U.S. Standards Program http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/ • Establish Standards • New standards for a product are intended to achieve the maximum efficiency that is technologically feasibleand economically justified, and to have significant energy savings. • The Secretary of Energyweighs the benefits and burdens of standards in selecting the level of stringency. • Open Process involving Stakeholders • The process of developing standards is intended to be open, involving stakeholders as active participants and fostering consensus. • Analysis includes engineering, LCC, NIA, MIA, utility impacts, environmental assessments, and RIA
Impacts Vary Depending upon Equipment Price, Energy Prices, and Usage Behavior Example: Clothes washer standard reduces energy 22% in year 2004 • 90% of households have net savings; 10% have net costs • Mean impact = $103 savings (6%) • Range of impacts is from $808 savings to $126 cost per household • Average baseline LCC = $1633
Statistical-EU Top-runner-Japan U.S. Appliance Standards Are Based on Engineering-Economic Analysis Targets can go beyond current models DOE-US 300 600 900 liters
Rulemaking Activities • Six Final Rules • in 2009 • 14 Products with standards prescribed by EISA 2007 • Ranges and Ovens • General Service Fluorescent Lamps (GSFL) and Infrared (IRL) Lamps • Commercial Package Boilers and Very Large Commercial Package Air-conditioners & Heat Pumps • Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines • Commercial Clothes Washers • Five Final Rules • in 2010 • Water Heaters (Residential)(COMPLETED) • Direct Heating Equipment (COMPLETED) • Pool Heaters (COMPLETED) • Small Electric Motors (COMPLETED) • Refrigerators (pending) • Ten Final Rules • in 2011 • Microwave Ovens • Residential Furnaces • Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts • Clothes Dryers (Residential) • Room Air Conditioners • Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps (Residential) • Battery Chargers • External Power Supplies (Class A) • ER, BR, and Small Diameter Incandescent Reflector Lamps • Residential Clothes Washers 2.81 quads $2.0B (@ 7%) 164 MMT CO2 • Ongoing Rules • Furnace Fans • DistributionTransformers • MH Lamp Fixtures • HID Lamps • Residential Dishwashers • and more….. 2.20 quads $5.3B (@ 7%) 112 MMT CO2
NAS estimate of economic benefits of Energy Efficiency R&D assigns $30 billion in savings (including $23 billion to LBNL technologies) Additional $48 billion in savings from energy efficiency standards for 9 residential products • Primary Energy Savings • 9% of 2025 residential energy use • Carbon Reductionsin 2025 • 132 million metric tons CO2/year Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (2001) DOE spent $7.3 billion on EE R&D, 1978-2000 cumulative DOE spent ~$0.3 billion on energy efficiency standards, 1979-2010 cumulative
Impacts from Existing Standards Neubauer et al. (2009). Ka-BOOM! The Power of Appliance Standards. ASAP-7/ACEEE-A091
Impacts from Upcoming Standards Neubauer et al. (2009). Ka-BOOM! The Power of Appliance Standards. ASAP-7/ACEEE-A091
Impacts from Existing and New Stds Neubauer et al. (2009). Ka-BOOM! The Power of Appliance Standards. ASAP-7/ACEEE-A091
U.S. Average Energy Use per New Appliance Index relative to 1972 = 100 Gas Furnace-25% Central air conditioner– 50% Effective Dates of = State Standards Effective Dates of = National Standards Refrigerator-70%
Refrigerators in the U.S. Source: David Goldstein
Appliance Price Histories Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Refrigerators Source: Sun Frost
Air Conditioning Source: Daikin AC Source: Coolerado Source: ECO-MAX
Integrated Systems Baxter et al. (2008), Development of a Small Integrated Heat Pump for Net-Zero Energy Homes, 9th International IEA Heat Pump Conference .
Lighting Source: Philips But don’t forget fluorescent lighting…. Source: QD Vision Source: Ceravision
Televisions and Displays Source: QD Vision
Transformers Sources: Warner Power, Hexaformer
Clothes Dryers Nipkow& Bush (2009), Promotion of Energy-Efficient Heat Pump Dryers, EEDAL ‘09.
Clothes Washers Source: Xeros Ltd.
Network(ed) Equipment Source: IEEE P802.3az
Conclusions Energy efficiency has proven itself 30-year track record, technologically feasible, economically justified Standards and labels produced significant energy savings Economic benefits vastly exceed programmatic costs Affordable energy efficiency is a renewable resource Additional potential has been identified Will replace each generation of appliances, equipment, lighting Many interesting advanced technologies on the horizon, which can deliver significant savings ldesroches@lbl.gov http://ees.ead.lbl.gov/ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/