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Observations and modeling of Earth’s transmission spectrum through lunar eclipses: A window to transiting exoplanet characterization. E. Palle, M.R. Zapatero, P. Montañes-Rodriguez, R. Barrena, A. Garcia-Muñoz. Lunar eclipse August 16th 2008.
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Observations and modeling of Earth’s transmission spectrum through lunar eclipses: A window to transiting exoplanet characterization. E. Palle, M.R. Zapatero, P. Montañes-Rodriguez, R. Barrena, A. Garcia-Muñoz
Lunar eclipse August 16th 2008
We observed the Earth transmission spectrum during a lunar eclipse NOT, Visible, 0.4-1 μm WHT, Near-IR, 0.9-2.5 μm La Palma, Canaries
A penumbral eclipse seen from the Moon Lunar explorer "KAGUYA" (SELENE) on February 10, 2009 Moon here JAXA/NHK
Umbra Penumbra Brigth Moon
Umbra/Bright Umbra Bright Hα
Earth’s Transmission Spectrum The pale reddot Palle et al, Nature, 2009
Evolution of the Earth’s Transmission Spectrum during the eclipse: ZJ
Evolution of the Earth’s Transmission Spectrum during the eclipse: O2 dimer band
Modeling efforts: Constructing a true model Earth – moon distance ∞ = exoplanets Non-radial symmetry Direct transmission Diffraction, refraction Diffuse light JAXA/NHK
Modeling efforts: The alpha value 0 0.5 0.7
Transmission models: Rayleigh atmosphere Garcia-Muñoz et al, in preparation
Transmission models: Rayleigh atmosphere Garcia-Muñoz et al, in preparation Difference
Transmission models: Rayleigh + Clouds (8km) + aerosols (Direct +Diffuse) Garcia-Muñoz et al, in preparation Diffuse light insensitive to alpha and dominant at short wavelengths
Oxygen complexes in the Earth’s atmosphere: Oxygen dimers Oxygen at visible wavelengths Intensity reversal again explained trough diffuse light contribution
Oxygen complexes in the Earth’s atmosphere: Oxygen dimers Oxygen at near-IR wavelengths O2•O2 O2•N2
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Earth’s Reflectance Spectrum: Earthshine NOT, Visible, 0.4-1 μm WHT, Near-IR, 0.9-2.5 μm La Palma, Canaries μm
Reflected spectrum Transmission Spectrum Blue planet? O2 O2•O2 O2•N2 CH4 CO2 CH4 O2•O2 CO2 O2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 μm Palle et al, 2009
M8 star + 1 Earth ... with the E-ELT ~5 h ~25 h ~50 h ~150 h Palle et al, ApJ, submitted 20, 100, 500, 1000 spectra combined - SNR 1000
M8 star + 1 Earth ... with the E-ELT ~5 h ~25 h ~50 h ~150 h Palle et al, ApJ, submitted 20, 100, 500, 1000 spectra combined - SNR 1000
VISIR @ VLT3 CRIRES @ VLT1 COMICS @ SUBARU SPEX @ IRTF Palomar & HST More Moon Soon ... 21st December 2010: 0.3 – 24 micron