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Physics In Europe

Physics In Europe. Ideas drawn from Astronomy, Optics, and Mechanics Rational understanding of Nature Early Physicians: Ptolemy, Archimedes, Aristotle New Physicians: Copernicus, Galileo, Newton More mathematical approach. Galileo Galilei. Made contributions to the law of motion

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Physics In Europe

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  1. Physics In Europe • Ideas drawn from Astronomy, Optics, and Mechanics • Rational understanding of Nature • Early Physicians: Ptolemy, Archimedes, Aristotle • New Physicians: Copernicus, Galileo, Newton • More mathematical approach

  2. Galileo Galilei • Made contributions to the law of motion • Came up with the basic idea of Newton’s 1st law • Discovered the Law of Inertia • Heavily Supported Copernicus and the Heliocentric belief

  3. Sir Isaac Newton • Invented Calculus • Wrote principia in 1686 • Explains gravitational law • Includes ideas from Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler • Only scientist to buried in Westminster Abbey

  4. Three Laws Of Motion • 1. Every object continues in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless deflected by a force • 2. The rate of change of motion of an object is proportional to the force acting on it • 3. Every action has an equal reaction

  5. Optics • Study of sight and the behavior of light • Psychological optics: pertains to the role of light in vision • Geometrical optics: deals with the properties of reflection and refraction of light • Pioneers of Optics • Willbrod Snell • Galileo Galilei

  6. Willbrod Snell • Mathematician • Contributed to the development of Physics • Law of Refraction (Snell's Law)

  7. Inventions • Microscope • was first invented in 1590 • became famous when Galileo invented the compound microscope in 1625 • Telescope • Galileo creates 1 and ½ inch lens telescope

  8. Chemistry Before the 18th Century • Alchemy – converting materials to gold • Essentially an art • Poisons and antidotes • Incendiary weaponry

  9. The Chemical Revolution • Quantification • Lavoisier’s matter conservation • Combustion Theories/Gunpowder 4 KNO3 + C7H4O + 2 S —> 2 K2S + 4 CO2 + 3 CO + 2 H2O + 2 N2

  10. Antoine Lavoisier (Fra.) • Compiled data from others • Law of Conservation of Matter • Mreactants = Mproducts • Nomenclature (i.e. oxygen and hydrogen)

  11. Joseph Black (Sco.) • Discovered Carbon Dioxide from acidic solutions • Discovered Specific Heat • Heat can transfer without temperature change (e.g. water (l) and water (s) coexist at 32F) • Theories later lead to Watt’s steam engine • Discovered that boiling points and freezing points are different depending on substances

  12. Other Important Discoveries • Air – more than one gas (Cavendish) • Oxygen – source of rusting (Priestly) • Ventilation and circulatory systems (Hales) • Evaporation properties (Cullen) • Dissolving and solutions (Bergman)

  13. Scientific Revolution • Increased curiosity of the natural world because of the enlightenment • Areas of science began to question previous scientific discoveries • Established the Scientific Method to establish the proper means to examine and understand

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